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2011 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk
1 Duizeligheid
Auteurs : G.A.F. Saes, O.R. Maarsingh, H. de Vries, R.A.M. de Jonckheere, K.F. Plantenga
Gepubliceerd in: Diagnostiek van alledaagse klachten
Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
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Samenvatting
Duizeligheid is voor arts en patiënt een vage klacht. Voor de patiënt is ongerustheid regelmatig een aanleiding voor een bezoek aan de arts. Vooral de anamnese is behulpzaam bij een indeling in een diagnostische categorie. Zeer zelden is er sprake van een ernstige aandoening die verwijzing nodig maakt. Duizeligheid bij de huisarts is geen typisch KNO-probleem, zoals vaak gedacht wordt; het meest komen ouderen met presyncope of bewegingsonzekerheid voor. Bij de diagnostiek gaat men uit van het type van de duizeligheid en het beloop. Is er sprake van een echte bewegingssensatie, zoals draaiduizeligheid, dan is het evenwichtsorgaan dikwijls de bron van de klacht. Als het daarbij gaat om een acute, heftige en langerdurende draaiduizeligheid, dan is de oorzaak de ziekte van Ménière, neuritis vestibularis of een CVA. Bij herhaalde, korte aanvallen gaat het dikwijls om een benigne paroxismale positieveranderingsduizeligheid. Vaak vormt de aanleiding de sleutel voor de diagnose: provocatie van klachten door opstaan (orthostase), bij opstaan en gaan lopen (desequilibrium), bij schrik of pijn (vasovagale collaps) of bij inspanning (hartaandoening?).
Een licht gevoel in het hoofd kan vrijwel continu zijn (angststoornis, medicatiegebruik). Bij vertigo wordt vaak de dix-hallpiketest aanbevolen. Of die iets toevoegt aan de anamnese bij het stellen van de diagnose BPPD is niet zeker.
Indien geen duidelijke diagnose gesteld kan worden, is het zinvol ervan uit te gaan dat verschillende oorzaken een bijdrage aan de klacht kunnen leveren. Nalopen van enkele factoren die te verbeteren zijn, lijkt dan de beste tactiek. Daartoe behoren medicatiegebruik, visus, gehoor, mobiliteit en psychische status (angst, depressie).
Alarmsignalen zijn vooral langdurige, eenzijdige duizeligheid en gehoorverlies (acusticusneurinoom) en neurologische symptomen zoals diplopie, dysartrie, ataxie of parese (aandoeningen cerebellum of hersenstam).
Vooral bij ouderen is een centrale oorzaak mogelijk. Het is zinvol daarbij niet klakkeloos uit te gaan van atherosclerose als oorzaak, maar alleen objectiveerbare aandoeningen als oorzaak te accepteren.
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Metagegevens
- Titel
- 1 Duizeligheid
- Auteurs
-
G.A.F. Saes
O.R. Maarsingh
H. de Vries
R.A.M. de Jonckheere
K.F. Plantenga
- Copyright
- 2011
- Uitgeverij
- Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
- Boek
-
Diagnostiek van alledaagse klachten
Print ISBN: 978-90-313-8363-4
Elektronisch ISBN: 978-90-313-8364-1
Copyright: 2011
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-8364-1_2