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23-03-2025 | Brief Report
Brief Report: False Memory Formation in Autism: The Role of Relational Processing at Study
Auteurs: Jennifer Murphy, Eri Ichijo, Geoffrey Bird, Lauren Cooper
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
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Abstract
Purpose
Several studies have investigated false memory production in autistic adults, yet it remains unclear whether susceptibility to false memories differs from non-autistic adults and what mechanisms might contribute to any differences. This study examines the mechanisms behind false memory formation in autistic adults using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm.
Methods
Participants studied DRM word lists designed to activate a critical word (the ‘critical lure). To examine false memory formation and associative processing, participants completed three tasks: a standard recognition test to measure false memory rates, a word stem completion task to assess implicit priming of the critical lure, and a free association task to evaluate explicit associative processing.
Results
Autistic individuals showed comparable rates of false memories as non-autistic adults (i.e., falsely reporting having studied the critical lure), were as likely to mention the critical lure on the free association task but showed no tendency to complete word stems with the critical lure when implicitly primed to do so.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that autistic adults may rely less on spontaneous spreading of semantic activation during encoding but are capable of engaging in explicit associative processing when directed. The results provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying false memory formation in autism.
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Voetnoten
2
Note that due to difficulties matching participant data across multiple sources, IQ data were unavailable for four participants.
3
Backward Associative Strength (BAS) is an index of the strength of associative connections from the study words to the critical item. It is considered the most critical variable for the probability of falsely recalling the critical lure (Roediger et al., 2001).
4
Two participants from the non-autistic group and one participant from the autistic group failed to fully complete the recognition task.
5
We calculated memory accuracy and response bias measures for each participant in each of the conditions using discrimination sensitivity (d) and bias (c). Discrimination sensitivity (d) measures the ability to distinguish between old and new items, while c measures participants’ bias to respond “old” or “new” regardless of the actual sensitivity.
Higher values of d indicate better discrimination (higher memory accuracy) whilst lower values of c indicate higher liberal bias towards the “old” response (Macmillan & Creelman, 2005). To avoid an infinite z value in computing the signal detection analysis, all hit and false-alarm rates were corrected by adding 0.5 to the frequency of hits or false alarms and dividing this adjusted frequency by N + 1 where N was the number of old or new trials (Snodgrass & Corwin, 1988).
6
To note, we would not expect that a critical lure from an unseen list would be used unless it was the most obvious word to complete the stem.
7
Completion of stems with target critical items was low. Given the potential impact of a floor effect, we also conducted a non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test comparing the indirect priming effects for each. Analyses support our original conclusions.
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Metagegevens
- Titel
- Brief Report: False Memory Formation in Autism: The Role of Relational Processing at Study
- Auteurs
-
Jennifer Murphy
Eri Ichijo
Geoffrey Bird
Lauren Cooper
- Publicatiedatum
- 23-03-2025
- Uitgeverij
- Springer US
- Gepubliceerd in
-
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432 - DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-025-06803-1