Welkom bij Scalda & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Scalda heeft ervoor gezorgd dat je Mijn BSL eenvoudig en snel kunt raadplegen.Je kunt de producten hieronder links aanschaffen en rechts inloggen.
01-04-2025
Examining Patterns of Depressive Symptoms Among Black Youth in Economically Disinvested Urban Communities: A Latent Class Analysis
Auteurs: Jasmine Alli, Noni Gaylord-Harden, Esther Jenkins
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
Log in om toegang te krijgenshare
DELEN
Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)
-
Optie A:
-
Optie B:Deel de link per e-mail
Abstract
The current study used a person-centered analytic approach to identify distinct classes of depressive symptoms among Black adolescents in under-resourced, urban communities and examined demographic and contextual factors related to class differences. Participants were 403 Black adolescents (ages 11–15, 54% female) who completed self-report surveys. Latent class analysis identified three depressive symptom classes: A Moderate Anhedonia/Mild Dysphoric Mood class endorsing moderate affective symptoms with lower cognitive and somatic symptoms; a High Cognitive-Affective-Somatic class endorsing high cognitive, affective, and somatic symptoms; and a Mild Somatic Complaints class with moderate endorsement of somatic symptoms and lower cognitive and affective symptoms. Girls were more likely to be in the High Cognitive-Affective-Somatic class and the Mild Somatic Complaints than the Moderate Anhedonia/Mild Dysphoric Mood class. Youth with fathers who had higher levels of schooling were more likely to be in the High Cognitive-Affective-Somatic class than both the Moderate Anhedonia/Mild Dysphoric Mood and Somatic Complaints classes. Additionally, youth with more community violence exposure were more likely to be in the High Cognitive-Affective-Somatic class than the Moderate Anhedonia/Mild Dysphoric Mood, whereas youth with lower levels of community violence exposure were more likely to be in the Mild Somatic Complaints class than both the Moderate Anhedonia/Mild Dysphoric Mood and High Cognitive-Affective-Somatic classes. Finally, youth with more peer and family support were more likely to be in the Mild Somatic Complaints class than the High Cognitive-Affective-Somatic class. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of depressive symptom expression among Black adolescents and the importance of sociocultural considerations in clinical practice.
Log in om toegang te krijgen
Literatuur
go back to reference Anderson, E. R., & Mayes, L. C. (2010). Race/ethnicity and internalizing disorders in youth: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(3), 338–348.PubMedCrossRef
Anderson, E. R., & Mayes, L. C. (2010). Race/ethnicity and internalizing disorders in youth: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(3), 338–348.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Angold, A., Erkanli, A., Farmer, E. M., Fairbank, J. A., Burns, B. J., Keeler, G., & Costello, E. J. (2002). Psychiatric disorder, impairment, and service use in rural African American and white youth. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(10), 893–901.PubMedCrossRef
Angold, A., Erkanli, A., Farmer, E. M., Fairbank, J. A., Burns, B. J., Keeler, G., & Costello, E. J. (2002). Psychiatric disorder, impairment, and service use in rural African American and white youth. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(10), 893–901.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2014). Auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: Three-step approaches using Mplus. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 21(3), 329–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2014.915181CrossRef
Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2014). Auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: Three-step approaches using Mplus. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 21(3), 329–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2014.915181CrossRef
go back to reference Bailey, B. N., Delaney-Black, V., Hannigan, J. H., Ager, J., Sokol, R. J., & Covington, C. Y. (2005). Somatic complaints in children and community violence exposure. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 26(5), 341–348.CrossRef
Bailey, B. N., Delaney-Black, V., Hannigan, J. H., Ager, J., Sokol, R. J., & Covington, C. Y. (2005). Somatic complaints in children and community violence exposure. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 26(5), 341–348.CrossRef
go back to reference Barnes, D. M., & Bates, L. M. (2019). Testing a somatization hypothesis to explain the Black-White depression paradox. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 54, 1255–1263.PubMedCrossRef
Barnes, D. M., & Bates, L. M. (2019). Testing a somatization hypothesis to explain the Black-White depression paradox. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 54, 1255–1263.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Beck, A. T. (2002). Cognitive models of depression. Clinical Advances in Cognitive Psychotherapy: Theory and Application, 14(1), 29–61.
Beck, A. T. (2002). Cognitive models of depression. Clinical Advances in Cognitive Psychotherapy: Theory and Application, 14(1), 29–61.
go back to reference Beck, A., LeBlanc, J. C., Morissette, K., Hamel, C., Skidmore, B., Colquhoun, H., ... & Stevens, A. (2021). Screening for depression in children and adolescents: a protocol for a systematic review update. Systematic Reviews, 10, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01568-3
Beck, A., LeBlanc, J. C., Morissette, K., Hamel, C., Skidmore, B., Colquhoun, H., ... & Stevens, A. (2021). Screening for depression in children and adolescents: a protocol for a systematic review update. Systematic Reviews, 10, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01568-3
go back to reference Behrhorst, K. L., Sullivan, T. N., & Jones, H. A. (2023). Comorbidity in context: Patterns of depressive and anxious symptoms in black adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32(11), 3312–3326.CrossRef
Behrhorst, K. L., Sullivan, T. N., & Jones, H. A. (2023). Comorbidity in context: Patterns of depressive and anxious symptoms in black adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32(11), 3312–3326.CrossRef
go back to reference Bennett, M. D., Jr., & Joe, S. (2015). Exposure to community violence, suicidality, and psychological distress among African American and Latino youths: Findings from the CDC youth violence survey. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 25(8), 775–789.CrossRef
Bennett, M. D., Jr., & Joe, S. (2015). Exposure to community violence, suicidality, and psychological distress among African American and Latino youths: Findings from the CDC youth violence survey. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 25(8), 775–789.CrossRef
go back to reference Berlin, K. S., Williams, N. A., & Parra, G. R. (2014). An introduction to latent variable mixture modeling (part 1): Overview and cross-sectional latent class and latent class analyses. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 39(2), 174–187.PubMedCrossRef
Berlin, K. S., Williams, N. A., & Parra, G. R. (2014). An introduction to latent variable mixture modeling (part 1): Overview and cross-sectional latent class and latent class analyses. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 39(2), 174–187.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bitsko, R. H. (2022). Mental health surveillance among children—United States, 2013–2019. MMWR Supplements, 71. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.su7102a1
Bitsko, R. H. (2022). Mental health surveillance among children—United States, 2013–2019. MMWR Supplements, 71. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.su7102a1
go back to reference Bolland, J. M., Lian, B. E., & Formichella, C. M. (2005). The origins of hopelessness among inner-city African-American adolescents. American Journal of Community Psychology, 36, 293–305.PubMedCrossRef
Bolland, J. M., Lian, B. E., & Formichella, C. M. (2005). The origins of hopelessness among inner-city African-American adolescents. American Journal of Community Psychology, 36, 293–305.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Boykin, A. W., & Toms, F. D. (1985). Black child socialization: A conceptual framework. In H. P. McAdoo & J. L. McAdoo (Eds.), Black children: Social, educational, and parental environments (pp. 33–51). Sage Publications, Inc.
Boykin, A. W., & Toms, F. D. (1985). Black child socialization: A conceptual framework. In H. P. McAdoo & J. L. McAdoo (Eds.), Black children: Social, educational, and parental environments (pp. 33–51). Sage Publications, Inc.
go back to reference Bracken, B. A., & Reintjes, C. (2010). Age, race, and gender differences in depressive symptoms: A lifespan developmental investigation. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 28(1), 40–53.CrossRef
Bracken, B. A., & Reintjes, C. (2010). Age, race, and gender differences in depressive symptoms: A lifespan developmental investigation. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 28(1), 40–53.CrossRef
go back to reference Breland-Noble, A. M. (2016). Depressive disorders. Handbook of Mental Health in African American Youth, 187–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25501-9_11
Breland-Noble, A. M. (2016). Depressive disorders. Handbook of Mental Health in African American Youth, 187–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25501-9_11
go back to reference Bridwell, D. A., Steele, V. R., Maurer, J. M., Kiehl, K. A., & Calhoun, V. D. (2015). The relationship between somatic and cognitive-affective depression symptoms and error-related ERPs. Journal of Affective Disorders, 172, 89–95.PubMedCrossRef
Bridwell, D. A., Steele, V. R., Maurer, J. M., Kiehl, K. A., & Calhoun, V. D. (2015). The relationship between somatic and cognitive-affective depression symptoms and error-related ERPs. Journal of Affective Disorders, 172, 89–95.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Burrell, M., White, A. M., Frerichs, L., Funchess, M., Cerulli, C., DiGiovanni, L., & Lich, K. H. (2021). Depicting “the system”: How structural racism and disenfranchisement in the United States can cause dynamics in community violence among males in urban Black communities. Social Science & Medicine, 272, 113469.CrossRef
Burrell, M., White, A. M., Frerichs, L., Funchess, M., Cerulli, C., DiGiovanni, L., & Lich, K. H. (2021). Depicting “the system”: How structural racism and disenfranchisement in the United States can cause dynamics in community violence among males in urban Black communities. Social Science & Medicine, 272, 113469.CrossRef
go back to reference Celious, A., & Oyserman, D. (2001). Race from the inside: An emerging heterogeneous race model. Journal of Social Issues, 57(1), 149–165.CrossRef
Celious, A., & Oyserman, D. (2001). Race from the inside: An emerging heterogeneous race model. Journal of Social Issues, 57(1), 149–165.CrossRef
go back to reference Chandra, A., & Minkovitz, C. S. (2006). Stigma starts early: Gender differences in teen willingness to use mental health services. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(6), 754-e1.CrossRef
Chandra, A., & Minkovitz, C. S. (2006). Stigma starts early: Gender differences in teen willingness to use mental health services. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(6), 754-e1.CrossRef
go back to reference Choi, H., & Park, C. G. (2006). Understanding adolescent depression in ethnocultural context: Updated with empirical findings. Advances in Nursing Science, 29(4), E1–E12.PubMedCrossRef
Choi, H., & Park, C. G. (2006). Understanding adolescent depression in ethnocultural context: Updated with empirical findings. Advances in Nursing Science, 29(4), E1–E12.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Collins, W. A., & Russell, G. (1991). Mother-child and father-child relationships in middle childhood and adolescence: A developmental analysis. Developmental Review, 11(2), 99–136.CrossRef
Collins, W. A., & Russell, G. (1991). Mother-child and father-child relationships in middle childhood and adolescence: A developmental analysis. Developmental Review, 11(2), 99–136.CrossRef
go back to reference Cooper, S. M., Brown, C., Metzger, I., Clinton, Y., & Guthrie, B. (2013). Racial discrimination and African American adolescents’ adjustment: Gender variation in family and community social support, promotive and protective factors. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22, 15–29.CrossRef
Cooper, S. M., Brown, C., Metzger, I., Clinton, Y., & Guthrie, B. (2013). Racial discrimination and African American adolescents’ adjustment: Gender variation in family and community social support, promotive and protective factors. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22, 15–29.CrossRef
go back to reference Copeland, W. E., Alaie, I., Jonsson, U., & Shanahan, L. (2021). Associations of childhood and adolescent depression with adult psychiatric and functional outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 60(5), 604–611.CrossRef
Copeland, W. E., Alaie, I., Jonsson, U., & Shanahan, L. (2021). Associations of childhood and adolescent depression with adult psychiatric and functional outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 60(5), 604–611.CrossRef
go back to reference Crockett, M. A., Martínez, V., & Jiménez-Molina, Á. (2020). Subthreshold depression in adolescence: Gender differences in prevalence, clinical features, and associated factors. Journal of Affective Disorders, 272, 269–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.111CrossRefPubMed
Crockett, M. A., Martínez, V., & Jiménez-Molina, Á. (2020). Subthreshold depression in adolescence: Gender differences in prevalence, clinical features, and associated factors. Journal of Affective Disorders, 272, 269–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.111CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Daly, M. (2022). Prevalence of depression among adolescents in the US from 2009 to 2019: Analysis of trends by sex, race/ethnicity, and income. Journal of Adolescent Health, 70(3), 496–499.CrossRef
Daly, M. (2022). Prevalence of depression among adolescents in the US from 2009 to 2019: Analysis of trends by sex, race/ethnicity, and income. Journal of Adolescent Health, 70(3), 496–499.CrossRef
go back to reference Davis, J. P., Merrin, G. J., Ingram, K. M., Espelage, D. L., Valido, A., & El Sheikh, A. J. (2019). Examining pathways between bully victimization, depression, & school belonging among early adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 2365–2378.CrossRef
Davis, J. P., Merrin, G. J., Ingram, K. M., Espelage, D. L., Valido, A., & El Sheikh, A. J. (2019). Examining pathways between bully victimization, depression, & school belonging among early adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 2365–2378.CrossRef
go back to reference Desjardins, T. L., & Leadbeater, B. J. (2011). Relational victimization and depressive symptoms in adolescence: Moderating effects of mother, father, and peer emotional support. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 531–544.PubMedCrossRef
Desjardins, T. L., & Leadbeater, B. J. (2011). Relational victimization and depressive symptoms in adolescence: Moderating effects of mother, father, and peer emotional support. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 531–544.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dunbar, A. S., Leerkes, E. M., Coard, S. I., Supple, A. J., & Calkins, S. (2017). An integrative conceptual model of parental racial/ethnic and emotion socialization and links to children’s social-emotional development among African American families. Child Development Perspectives, 11(1), 16–22.CrossRef
Dunbar, A. S., Leerkes, E. M., Coard, S. I., Supple, A. J., & Calkins, S. (2017). An integrative conceptual model of parental racial/ethnic and emotion socialization and links to children’s social-emotional development among African American families. Child Development Perspectives, 11(1), 16–22.CrossRef
go back to reference Eisman, A. B., Stoddard, S. A., Heinze, J., Caldwell, C. H., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2015). Depressive symptoms, social support, and violence exposure among urban youth: A longitudinal study of resilience. Developmental Psychology, 51(9), 1307.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Eisman, A. B., Stoddard, S. A., Heinze, J., Caldwell, C. H., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2015). Depressive symptoms, social support, and violence exposure among urban youth: A longitudinal study of resilience. Developmental Psychology, 51(9), 1307.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Elsaesser, C. M., & Voisin, D. R. (2015). Correlates of polyvictimization among African American youth: An exploratory study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(17), 3022–3042.PubMedCrossRef
Elsaesser, C. M., & Voisin, D. R. (2015). Correlates of polyvictimization among African American youth: An exploratory study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(17), 3022–3042.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gaylord-Harden, N. K., Ragsdale, B. L., Mandara, J., Richards, M. H., & Petersen, A. C. (2007). Perceived support and internalizing symptoms in African American adolescents: Self-esteem and ethnic identity as mediators. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36, 77–88.CrossRef
Gaylord-Harden, N. K., Ragsdale, B. L., Mandara, J., Richards, M. H., & Petersen, A. C. (2007). Perceived support and internalizing symptoms in African American adolescents: Self-esteem and ethnic identity as mediators. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36, 77–88.CrossRef
go back to reference Gaylord-Harden, N. K., Alli, J., Davis-Stober, C. P., & Henderson, H. (2022). A trauma-informed approach to understanding firearm decision-making among Black adolescents: Implications for prevention. Preventive Medicine, 165, 107305.PubMedCrossRef
Gaylord-Harden, N. K., Alli, J., Davis-Stober, C. P., & Henderson, H. (2022). A trauma-informed approach to understanding firearm decision-making among Black adolescents: Implications for prevention. Preventive Medicine, 165, 107305.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gone, J. P., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2010). On the wisdom of considering culture and context in psychopathology. In T. Millon, R. F. Krueger, & E. Simonsen (Eds.), Contemporary directions in psychopathology: Scientific foundations of the DSM-V and ICD-11 (pp. 72–96). The Guilford Press.
Gone, J. P., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2010). On the wisdom of considering culture and context in psychopathology. In T. Millon, R. F. Krueger, & E. Simonsen (Eds.), Contemporary directions in psychopathology: Scientific foundations of the DSM-V and ICD-11 (pp. 72–96). The Guilford Press.
go back to reference Gorman-Smith, D., & Tolan, P. (1998). The role of exposure to community violence and developmental problems among inner-city youth. Development and Psychopathology, 10(1), 101–116.PubMedCrossRef
Gorman-Smith, D., & Tolan, P. (1998). The role of exposure to community violence and developmental problems among inner-city youth. Development and Psychopathology, 10(1), 101–116.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Grant, K. E., Lyons, A. L., Finkelstein, J. A. S., Conway, K. M., Reynolds, L. K., O'Koon, J. H.,... & Hicks, K. J. (2004). Gender differences in rates of depressive symptoms among low-income, urban, African American youth: A test of two mediational hypotheses. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 523-533. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOYO.0000048066.90949.be
Grant, K. E., Lyons, A. L., Finkelstein, J. A. S., Conway, K. M., Reynolds, L. K., O'Koon, J. H.,... & Hicks, K. J. (2004). Gender differences in rates of depressive symptoms among low-income, urban, African American youth: A test of two mediational hypotheses. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 523-533. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOYO.0000048066.90949.be
go back to reference Grosse, G., & Streubel, B. (2024). Emotion-specific vocabulary and its relation to emotion understanding in children and adolescents. Cognition and Emotion, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2024.2346745
Grosse, G., & Streubel, B. (2024). Emotion-specific vocabulary and its relation to emotion understanding in children and adolescents. Cognition and Emotion, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2024.2346745
go back to reference Grunin, L., Yu, G., & Cohen, S. (2022). Combined race and gender trend disparities in depressive symptoms among US high school students: 1999–2019. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 43(9), 824–834.PubMedCrossRef
Grunin, L., Yu, G., & Cohen, S. (2022). Combined race and gender trend disparities in depressive symptoms among US high school students: 1999–2019. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 43(9), 824–834.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hammack, P. L., Robinson, W. L., Crawford, I., & Li, S. T. (2004). Poverty and depressed mood among urban African-American adolescents: A family stress perspective. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 13, 309–323.CrossRef
Hammack, P. L., Robinson, W. L., Crawford, I., & Li, S. T. (2004). Poverty and depressed mood among urban African-American adolescents: A family stress perspective. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 13, 309–323.CrossRef
go back to reference Hards, E., Ellis, J., Fisk, J., & Reynolds, S. (2020). Negative view of the self and symptoms of depression in adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 262, 143–148.PubMedCrossRef
Hards, E., Ellis, J., Fisk, J., & Reynolds, S. (2020). Negative view of the self and symptoms of depression in adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 262, 143–148.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hunter, L., Roland, L., & Ferozpuri, A. (2020). Emotional expression processing and depressive symptomatology: Eye-tracking reveals differential importance of lower and middle facial areas of interest. Depression Research and Treatment, 2020(1), 1049851.PubMedPubMedCentral
Hunter, L., Roland, L., & Ferozpuri, A. (2020). Emotional expression processing and depressive symptomatology: Eye-tracking reveals differential importance of lower and middle facial areas of interest. Depression Research and Treatment, 2020(1), 1049851.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Irsheid, S. B., Garthe, R. C., Gorman-Smith, D., & Schoeny, M. (2023). The implications of executive functioning on community adversity and violence and mental health outcomes. Youth & Society, 55(2), 321–350.CrossRef
Irsheid, S. B., Garthe, R. C., Gorman-Smith, D., & Schoeny, M. (2023). The implications of executive functioning on community adversity and violence and mental health outcomes. Youth & Society, 55(2), 321–350.CrossRef
go back to reference Iwata, N., Turner, R. J., & Lloyd, D. A. (2002). Race/ethnicity and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling young adults: A differential item functioning analysis. Psychiatry Research, 110(3), 281–289.PubMedCrossRef
Iwata, N., Turner, R. J., & Lloyd, D. A. (2002). Race/ethnicity and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling young adults: A differential item functioning analysis. Psychiatry Research, 110(3), 281–289.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Keizer, R., Helmerhorst, K. O., & van Rijn-van Gelderen, L. (2019). Perceived quality of the mother–adolescent and father–adolescent attachment relationship and adolescents’ self-esteem. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(6), 1203–1217.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Keizer, R., Helmerhorst, K. O., & van Rijn-van Gelderen, L. (2019). Perceived quality of the mother–adolescent and father–adolescent attachment relationship and adolescents’ self-esteem. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(6), 1203–1217.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Kennard, B. D., Stewart, S. M., Hughes, J. L., Patel, P. G., & Emslie, G. J. (2006). Cognitions and depressive symptoms among ethnic minority adolescents. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 12(3), 578.CrossRef
Kennard, B. D., Stewart, S. M., Hughes, J. L., Patel, P. G., & Emslie, G. J. (2006). Cognitions and depressive symptoms among ethnic minority adolescents. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 12(3), 578.CrossRef
go back to reference Kirmayer, L. J. (2001). Cultural variations in the clinical presentation of depression and anxiety: Implications for diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62, 22–30.PubMed
Kirmayer, L. J. (2001). Cultural variations in the clinical presentation of depression and anxiety: Implications for diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62, 22–30.PubMed
go back to reference Labella, M. H. (2018). The sociocultural context of emotion socialization in African American families. Clinical Psychology Review, 59, 1–15.PubMedCrossRef
Labella, M. H. (2018). The sociocultural context of emotion socialization in African American families. Clinical Psychology Review, 59, 1–15.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lambert, S. F., Boyd, R. C., Cammack, N. L., & Ialongo, N. S. (2012). Relationship proximity to victims of witnessed community violence: Associations with adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviors. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(1), 1.PubMedCrossRef
Lambert, S. F., Boyd, R. C., Cammack, N. L., & Ialongo, N. S. (2012). Relationship proximity to victims of witnessed community violence: Associations with adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviors. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(1), 1.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lei, M. K., Lavner, J. A., Carter, S. E., Hart, A. R., & Beach, S. R. (2021). Protective parenting behavior buffers the impact of racial discrimination on depression among Black youth. Journal of Family Psychology, 35(4), 457.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Lei, M. K., Lavner, J. A., Carter, S. E., Hart, A. R., & Beach, S. R. (2021). Protective parenting behavior buffers the impact of racial discrimination on depression among Black youth. Journal of Family Psychology, 35(4), 457.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Li, S. T., Nussbaum, K. M., & Richards, M. H. (2007). Risk and protective factors for urban African-American youth. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39(1–2), 21–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9088-1CrossRefPubMed
Li, S. T., Nussbaum, K. M., & Richards, M. H. (2007). Risk and protective factors for urban African-American youth. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39(1–2), 21–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9088-1CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lindsey, M. A., Barksdale, C. L., Lambert, S. F., & Ialongo, N. S. (2010). Social network influences on service use among urban, African American youth with mental health problems. Journal of Adolescent Health, 47(4), 367–373.CrossRef
Lindsey, M. A., Barksdale, C. L., Lambert, S. F., & Ialongo, N. S. (2010). Social network influences on service use among urban, African American youth with mental health problems. Journal of Adolescent Health, 47(4), 367–373.CrossRef
go back to reference Lindsey, M. A., Mufson, L., Vélez-Grau, C., Grogan, T., Wilson, D. M., Reliford, A. O., ... & Jaccard, J. (2024). Engaging Black youth in depression and suicide prevention treatment within urban schools: study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot. Trials, 25(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-024-07947-8
Lindsey, M. A., Mufson, L., Vélez-Grau, C., Grogan, T., Wilson, D. M., Reliford, A. O., ... & Jaccard, J. (2024). Engaging Black youth in depression and suicide prevention treatment within urban schools: study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot. Trials, 25(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-024-07947-8
go back to reference Liu, J., Bolland, J. M., Dick, D., Mustanski, B., & Kertes, D. A. (2016). Effect of environmental risk and externalizing comorbidity on internalizing problems among economically disadvantaged African American youth. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 26(3), 552–566.PubMedCrossRef
Liu, J., Bolland, J. M., Dick, D., Mustanski, B., & Kertes, D. A. (2016). Effect of environmental risk and externalizing comorbidity on internalizing problems among economically disadvantaged African American youth. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 26(3), 552–566.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lo, Y., Mendell, N. R., & Rubin, D. B. (2001). Testing the number of components in a normal mixture. Biometrika, 88(3), 767–778.CrossRef
Lo, Y., Mendell, N. R., & Rubin, D. B. (2001). Testing the number of components in a normal mixture. Biometrika, 88(3), 767–778.CrossRef
go back to reference Lozada, F. T., Riley, T. N., Catherine, E., & Brown, D. W. (2022). Black emotions matter: Understanding the impact of racial oppression on Black youth’s emotional development: Dismantling systems of racism and oppression during adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 32(1), 13–33.PubMedCrossRef
Lozada, F. T., Riley, T. N., Catherine, E., & Brown, D. W. (2022). Black emotions matter: Understanding the impact of racial oppression on Black youth’s emotional development: Dismantling systems of racism and oppression during adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 32(1), 13–33.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lu, W. (2019). Adolescent depression: National trends, risk factors, and healthcare disparities. American Journal of Health Behavior, 43(1), 181–194.
Lu, W. (2019). Adolescent depression: National trends, risk factors, and healthcare disparities. American Journal of Health Behavior, 43(1), 181–194.
go back to reference Marsella, A. J., spsampsps Yamada, A. M. (2000). Culture and mental health: An introduction and overview of foundations, concepts, and issues. In I. Cuéllar spsampsps F. A. Paniagua (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural mental health (pp. 3–24). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012199370-2/50002-X
Marsella, A. J., spsampsps Yamada, A. M. (2000). Culture and mental health: An introduction and overview of foundations, concepts, and issues. In I. Cuéllar spsampsps F. A. Paniagua (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural mental health (pp. 3–24). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012199370-2/50002-X
go back to reference Matlin, S. L., Molock, S. D., & Tebes, J. K. (2011). Suicidality and depression among African American adolescents: The role of family and peer support and community connectedness. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81(1), 108.PubMedCrossRef
Matlin, S. L., Molock, S. D., & Tebes, J. K. (2011). Suicidality and depression among African American adolescents: The role of family and peer support and community connectedness. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81(1), 108.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference McLaughlin, A. E., Campbell, F. A., Pungello, E. P., & Skinner, M. (2007). Depressive symptoms in young adults: The influences of the early home environment and early educational child care. Child Development, 78(3), 746–756.PubMedCrossRef
McLaughlin, A. E., Campbell, F. A., Pungello, E. P., & Skinner, M. (2007). Depressive symptoms in young adults: The influences of the early home environment and early educational child care. Child Development, 78(3), 746–756.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference McLoyd, V. C., spsampsps Steinberg, L. (1998). Studying minority adolescents: Conceptual, methodological, and theoretical issues. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410601506
McLoyd, V. C., spsampsps Steinberg, L. (1998). Studying minority adolescents: Conceptual, methodological, and theoretical issues. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410601506
go back to reference Merikangas, K. R., He, J. P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., ... & Swendsen, J. (2010). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in US adolescents: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication–adolescent supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(10), 980–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.017
Merikangas, K. R., He, J. P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., ... & Swendsen, J. (2010). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in US adolescents: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication–adolescent supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(10), 980–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.017
go back to reference Miller, L., & Campo, J. V. (2021). Depression in adolescents. New England Journal of Medicine, 385(5), 445–449.PubMedCrossRef
Miller, L., & Campo, J. V. (2021). Depression in adolescents. New England Journal of Medicine, 385(5), 445–449.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Mullarkey, M. C., Marchetti, I., & Beevers, C. G. (2019). Using network analysis to identify central symptoms of adolescent depression. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 48(4), 656–668.CrossRef
Mullarkey, M. C., Marchetti, I., & Beevers, C. G. (2019). Using network analysis to identify central symptoms of adolescent depression. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 48(4), 656–668.CrossRef
go back to reference Muthén, B., & Muthén, L. (2017). Mplus. In Handbook of Item Response Theory (pp. 507–518). Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Muthén, B., & Muthén, L. (2017). Mplus. In Handbook of Item Response Theory (pp. 507–518). Chapman and Hall/CRC.
go back to reference Nelson, J. A., Leerkes, E. M., O’Brien, M., Calkins, S. D., & Marcovitch, S. (2012). African American and European American mothers’ beliefs about negative emotions and emotion socialization practices. Parenting, 12(1), 22–41.PubMedCrossRef
Nelson, J. A., Leerkes, E. M., O’Brien, M., Calkins, S. D., & Marcovitch, S. (2012). African American and European American mothers’ beliefs about negative emotions and emotion socialization practices. Parenting, 12(1), 22–41.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Nelson, J. A., Leerkes, E. M., Perry, N. B., O’Brien, M., Calkins, S. D., & Marcovitch, S. (2013). European-American and African-American mothers’ emotion socialization practices relate differently to their children’s academic and social-emotional competence. Social Development, 22(3), 485–498.PubMedCrossRef
Nelson, J. A., Leerkes, E. M., Perry, N. B., O’Brien, M., Calkins, S. D., & Marcovitch, S. (2013). European-American and African-American mothers’ emotion socialization practices relate differently to their children’s academic and social-emotional competence. Social Development, 22(3), 485–498.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ng-Mak, D. S., Salzinger, S., Feldman, R. S., & Stueve, C. A. (2004). Pathologic adaptation to community violence among inner-city youth. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 74(2), 196–208.PubMedCrossRef
Ng-Mak, D. S., Salzinger, S., Feldman, R. S., & Stueve, C. A. (2004). Pathologic adaptation to community violence among inner-city youth. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 74(2), 196–208.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Nguyen, L., Huang, L. N., Arganza, G. F., & Liao, Q. (2007). The influence of race and ethnicity on psychiatric diagnoses and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents in children’s services. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13(1), 18.PubMedCrossRef
Nguyen, L., Huang, L. N., Arganza, G. F., & Liao, Q. (2007). The influence of race and ethnicity on psychiatric diagnoses and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents in children’s services. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13(1), 18.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Nylund, K. L., Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. O. (2007). Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A monte carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(4), 535–569.CrossRef
Nylund, K. L., Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. O. (2007). Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A monte carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(4), 535–569.CrossRef
go back to reference Ofonedu, M. E., Percy, W. H., Harris-Britt, A., & Belcher, H. M. (2013). Depression in inner city African American youth: A phenomenological study. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22, 96–106.CrossRef
Ofonedu, M. E., Percy, W. H., Harris-Britt, A., & Belcher, H. M. (2013). Depression in inner city African American youth: A phenomenological study. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22, 96–106.CrossRef
go back to reference Outland, R. L. (2019). Symbolic meaning of violence: Urban African-American adolescent males’ perspectives. Journal of African American Studies, 23(3), 233–255.CrossRef
Outland, R. L. (2019). Symbolic meaning of violence: Urban African-American adolescent males’ perspectives. Journal of African American Studies, 23(3), 233–255.CrossRef
go back to reference Patil, P. A., Porche, M. V., Shippen, N. A., Dallenbach, N. T., & Fortuna, L. R. (2018). Which girls, which boys? The intersectional risk for depression by race and ethnicity, and gender in the US. Clinical Psychology Review, 66, 51–68.PubMedCrossRef
Patil, P. A., Porche, M. V., Shippen, N. A., Dallenbach, N. T., & Fortuna, L. R. (2018). Which girls, which boys? The intersectional risk for depression by race and ethnicity, and gender in the US. Clinical Psychology Review, 66, 51–68.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Peel, D., & McLachlan, G. J. (2000). Robust mixture modelling using the t distribution. Statistics and Computing, 10, 339–348.CrossRef
Peel, D., & McLachlan, G. J. (2000). Robust mixture modelling using the t distribution. Statistics and Computing, 10, 339–348.CrossRef
go back to reference Phan, J., So, S., Thomas, A., & Gaylord-Harden, N. (2020). Hyperarousal and hypervigilance in African American male adolescents exposed to community violence. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 70, 101168.CrossRef
Phan, J., So, S., Thomas, A., & Gaylord-Harden, N. (2020). Hyperarousal and hypervigilance in African American male adolescents exposed to community violence. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 70, 101168.CrossRef
go back to reference Planey, A. M., Smith, S. M., Moore, S., & Walker, T. D. (2019). Barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking among African American youth and their families: A systematic review study. Children and Youth Services Review, 101, 190–200.CrossRef
Planey, A. M., Smith, S. M., Moore, S., & Walker, T. D. (2019). Barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking among African American youth and their families: A systematic review study. Children and Youth Services Review, 101, 190–200.CrossRef
go back to reference Quach, A. S., Epstein, N. B., Riley, P. J., Falconier, M. K., & Fang, X. (2015). Effects of parental warmth and academic pressure on anxiety and depression symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 106–116.CrossRef
Quach, A. S., Epstein, N. B., Riley, P. J., Falconier, M. K., & Fang, X. (2015). Effects of parental warmth and academic pressure on anxiety and depression symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 106–116.CrossRef
go back to reference Reynolds, W. M. (2002). Reynolds adolescent depression scale: Professional manual (2nd ed.). Psychological Assessment Resources Inc.
Reynolds, W. M. (2002). Reynolds adolescent depression scale: Professional manual (2nd ed.). Psychological Assessment Resources Inc.
go back to reference Reynolds, L. K., O’Koon, J. H., Papademetriou, E., Szczygiel, S., & Grant, K. E. (2001). Stress and somatic complaints in low-income urban adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30, 499–514.CrossRef
Reynolds, L. K., O’Koon, J. H., Papademetriou, E., Szczygiel, S., & Grant, K. E. (2001). Stress and somatic complaints in low-income urban adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30, 499–514.CrossRef
go back to reference Rich, J. A., & Grey, C. M. (2005). Pathways to recurrent trauma among young black men: Traumatic stress, substance use, and the “code of the street.” American Journal of Public Health, 95(5), 816–824.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Rich, J. A., & Grey, C. M. (2005). Pathways to recurrent trauma among young black men: Traumatic stress, substance use, and the “code of the street.” American Journal of Public Health, 95(5), 816–824.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Robinson, W. L., Whipple, C. R., Keenan, K., Flack, C. E., & Wingate, L. (2022). Suicide in African American adolescents: Understanding risk by studying resilience. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 18, 359–385.PubMedCrossRef
Robinson, W. L., Whipple, C. R., Keenan, K., Flack, C. E., & Wingate, L. (2022). Suicide in African American adolescents: Understanding risk by studying resilience. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 18, 359–385.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rodriguez, N., Steinberg, A., & Pynoos, R. S. (1999). UCLA PTSD index for DSM IV instrument information: Child version, parent version, adolescent version. Los Angeles: UCLA Trauma Psychiatry Services.
Rodriguez, N., Steinberg, A., & Pynoos, R. S. (1999). UCLA PTSD index for DSM IV instrument information: Child version, parent version, adolescent version. Los Angeles: UCLA Trauma Psychiatry Services.
go back to reference Rosario, M., Salzinger, S., Feldman, R. S., & Ng-Mak, D. S. (2008). Intervening processes between youths’ exposure to community violence and internalizing symptoms over time: The roles of social support and coping. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41, 43–62.PubMedCrossRef
Rosario, M., Salzinger, S., Feldman, R. S., & Ng-Mak, D. S. (2008). Intervening processes between youths’ exposure to community violence and internalizing symptoms over time: The roles of social support and coping. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41, 43–62.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ryder, A. G., Yang, J., Zhu, X., Yao, S., Yi, J., Heine, S. J., & Bagby, R. M. (2008). The cultural shaping of depression: Somatic symptoms in China, psychological symptoms in North America? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(2), 300.PubMedCrossRef
Ryder, A. G., Yang, J., Zhu, X., Yao, S., Yi, J., Heine, S. J., & Bagby, R. M. (2008). The cultural shaping of depression: Somatic symptoms in China, psychological symptoms in North America? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(2), 300.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sargent, E., Zahniser, E., Gaylord-Harden, N., Morency, M., & Jenkins, E. (2020). Examining the effects of family and community violence on African American adolescents: The roles of violence type and relationship proximity to violence. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 40(5), 633–661.CrossRef
Sargent, E., Zahniser, E., Gaylord-Harden, N., Morency, M., & Jenkins, E. (2020). Examining the effects of family and community violence on African American adolescents: The roles of violence type and relationship proximity to violence. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 40(5), 633–661.CrossRef
go back to reference Schwarz, G. (1978). Estimating the dimension of a model. The Annals of Statistics, 6, 461–464.CrossRef
Schwarz, G. (1978). Estimating the dimension of a model. The Annals of Statistics, 6, 461–464.CrossRef
go back to reference Shorey, S., Ng, E. D., & Wong, C. H. (2022). Global prevalence of depression and elevated depressive symptoms among adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61(2), 287–305.PubMedCrossRef
Shorey, S., Ng, E. D., & Wong, C. H. (2022). Global prevalence of depression and elevated depressive symptoms among adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61(2), 287–305.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Shukla, K. D., & Wiesner, M. (2015). Direct and indirect violence exposure: Relations to depression for economically disadvantaged ethnic minority mid-adolescents. Violence and Victims, 30(1), 120–135.PubMedCrossRef
Shukla, K. D., & Wiesner, M. (2015). Direct and indirect violence exposure: Relations to depression for economically disadvantaged ethnic minority mid-adolescents. Violence and Victims, 30(1), 120–135.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Smith, N. C., & Nicholson, H. L. (2022). Perceived discrimination and mental health among African American and Caribbean Black adolescents: Ethnic differences in processes and effects. Ethnicity & Health, 27(3), 687–704.CrossRef
Smith, N. C., & Nicholson, H. L. (2022). Perceived discrimination and mental health among African American and Caribbean Black adolescents: Ethnic differences in processes and effects. Ethnicity & Health, 27(3), 687–704.CrossRef
go back to reference Smith, J. R., & Patton, D. U. (2016). Posttraumatic stress symptoms in context: Examining trauma responses to violent exposures and homicide death among Black males in urban neighborhoods. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 86(2), 212.PubMedCrossRef
Smith, J. R., & Patton, D. U. (2016). Posttraumatic stress symptoms in context: Examining trauma responses to violent exposures and homicide death among Black males in urban neighborhoods. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 86(2), 212.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference So, S., Gaylord-Harden, N. K., & Voisin, D. R. (2021). Examining the factor structure of the coping with community violence scale for urban youth. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(1–2), NP1127–NP1154.PubMedCrossRef
So, S., Gaylord-Harden, N. K., & Voisin, D. R. (2021). Examining the factor structure of the coping with community violence scale for urban youth. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(1–2), NP1127–NP1154.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Spencer, M. B., Dupree, D., & Hartmann, T. (1997). A phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST): A self-organization perspective in context. Development and Psychopathology, 9(4), 817–833. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579497001454CrossRefPubMed
Spencer, M. B., Dupree, D., & Hartmann, T. (1997). A phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST): A self-organization perspective in context. Development and Psychopathology, 9(4), 817–833. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579497001454CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Steinberg, L. (2005). Cognitive and affective development in adolescence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(2), 69–74.PubMedCrossRef
Steinberg, L. (2005). Cognitive and affective development in adolescence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(2), 69–74.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2022). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-nsduh-annual-national-report
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2022). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-nsduh-annual-national-report
go back to reference Taylor, R. E., & Kuo, B. C. (2019). Black American psychological help-seeking intention: An integrated literature review with recommendations for clinical practice. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 29(4), 325.CrossRef
Taylor, R. E., & Kuo, B. C. (2019). Black American psychological help-seeking intention: An integrated literature review with recommendations for clinical practice. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 29(4), 325.CrossRef
go back to reference Thapar, A., Collishaw, S., Pine, D. S., & Thapar, A. K. (2012). Depression in adolescence. The Lancet, 379(9820), 1056–1067.CrossRef
Thapar, A., Collishaw, S., Pine, D. S., & Thapar, A. K. (2012). Depression in adolescence. The Lancet, 379(9820), 1056–1067.CrossRef
go back to reference Turanovic, J. J. (2022). Exposure to violence and victimization: Reflections on 25 years of research from the national longitudinal study of adolescent to adult health. Journal of Adolescent Health, 71(6), S14–S23.CrossRef
Turanovic, J. J. (2022). Exposure to violence and victimization: Reflections on 25 years of research from the national longitudinal study of adolescent to adult health. Journal of Adolescent Health, 71(6), S14–S23.CrossRef
go back to reference Vaux, A. (1988). Social and emotional loneliness: The role of social and personal characteristics. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14(4), 722–734.CrossRef
Vaux, A. (1988). Social and emotional loneliness: The role of social and personal characteristics. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14(4), 722–734.CrossRef
go back to reference Volpe, V. V., Smith, N. A., Skinner, O. D., Lozada, F. T., Hope, E. C., & Del Toro, J. (2022). Centering the heterogeneity of black adolescents’ experiences: Guidance for within-group designs among African diasporic communities. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 32(4), 1298–1311.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Volpe, V. V., Smith, N. A., Skinner, O. D., Lozada, F. T., Hope, E. C., & Del Toro, J. (2022). Centering the heterogeneity of black adolescents’ experiences: Guidance for within-group designs among African diasporic communities. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 32(4), 1298–1311.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Weil, L. G., Fleming, S. M., Dumontheil, I., Kilford, E. J., Weil, R. S., Rees, G., ... & Blakemore, S. J. (2013). The development of metacognitive ability in adolescence. Consciousness and Cognition, 22(1), 264–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2013.01.004
Weil, L. G., Fleming, S. M., Dumontheil, I., Kilford, E. J., Weil, R. S., Rees, G., ... & Blakemore, S. J. (2013). The development of metacognitive ability in adolescence. Consciousness and Cognition, 22(1), 264–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2013.01.004
go back to reference Weller, B. E., Bowen, N. K., & Faubert, S. J. (2020). Latent class analysis: A guide to best practice. Journal of Black Psychology, 46(4), 287–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798420930932CrossRef
Weller, B. E., Bowen, N. K., & Faubert, S. J. (2020). Latent class analysis: A guide to best practice. Journal of Black Psychology, 46(4), 287–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798420930932CrossRef
go back to reference Whipple, C. R., Robinson, W. L., Jason, L. A., Kaynak, Ö., Harris, C. W., Grisamore, S. P., & Troyka, M. N. (2021). Patterns of community violence exposure among African American adolescents living in low‐resourced urban neighborhoods. American Journal of Community Psychology, 68(3–4), 414–426.
Whipple, C. R., Robinson, W. L., Jason, L. A., Kaynak, Ö., Harris, C. W., Grisamore, S. P., & Troyka, M. N. (2021). Patterns of community violence exposure among African American adolescents living in low‐resourced urban neighborhoods. American Journal of Community Psychology, 68(3–4), 414–426.
go back to reference White, K. S., & Farrell, A. D. (2006). Anxiety and psychosocial stress as predictors of headache and abdominal pain in urban early adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 31(6), 582–596.PubMedCrossRef
White, K. S., & Farrell, A. D. (2006). Anxiety and psychosocial stress as predictors of headache and abdominal pain in urban early adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 31(6), 582–596.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Widen, S. C., & Russell, J. A. (2008). Children acquire emotion categories gradually. Cognitive Development, 23(2), 291–312.CrossRef
Widen, S. C., & Russell, J. A. (2008). Children acquire emotion categories gradually. Cognitive Development, 23(2), 291–312.CrossRef
go back to reference Williams, J. L., & Deutsch, N. L. (2016). Beyond between-group differences: Considering race, ethnicity, and culture in research on positive youth development programs. Applied Developmental Science, 20(3), 203–213.CrossRef
Williams, J. L., & Deutsch, N. L. (2016). Beyond between-group differences: Considering race, ethnicity, and culture in research on positive youth development programs. Applied Developmental Science, 20(3), 203–213.CrossRef
go back to reference Wood, B. M., Cubbin, C., Rubalcava Hernandez, E. J., DiNitto, D. M., Vohra-Gupta, S., Baiden, P., & Mueller, E. J. (2023). The price of growing up in a low-income neighborhood: A scoping review of associated depressive symptoms and other mood disorders among children and adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(19), 6884.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Wood, B. M., Cubbin, C., Rubalcava Hernandez, E. J., DiNitto, D. M., Vohra-Gupta, S., Baiden, P., & Mueller, E. J. (2023). The price of growing up in a low-income neighborhood: A scoping review of associated depressive symptoms and other mood disorders among children and adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(19), 6884.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Yule, K., Houston, J., & Grych, J. (2019). Resilience in children exposed to violence: A meta-analysis of protective factors across ecological contexts. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 22, 406–431.PubMedCrossRef
Yule, K., Houston, J., & Grych, J. (2019). Resilience in children exposed to violence: A meta-analysis of protective factors across ecological contexts. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 22, 406–431.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Zimmerman, G. M., & Messner, S. F. (2013). Individual, family background, and contextual explanations of racial and ethnic disparities in youths’ exposure to violence. American Journal of Public Health, 103(3), 435–442.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zimmerman, G. M., & Messner, S. F. (2013). Individual, family background, and contextual explanations of racial and ethnic disparities in youths’ exposure to violence. American Journal of Public Health, 103(3), 435–442.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Metagegevens
- Titel
- Examining Patterns of Depressive Symptoms Among Black Youth in Economically Disinvested Urban Communities: A Latent Class Analysis
- Auteurs
-
Jasmine Alli
Noni Gaylord-Harden
Esther Jenkins
- Publicatiedatum
- 01-04-2025
- Uitgeverij
- Springer US
- Gepubliceerd in
-
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174 - DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-025-01314-0