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Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review

Gepubliceerd in:

06-10-2024

Gender Differences in Variability in Intimate Relationship Satisfaction: A Secondary Analysis and Meta-Analysis

Auteurs: Mark A. Whisman, Antonia Balzert

Gepubliceerd in: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review | Uitgave 4/2024

Abstract

There is a long-standing interest in gender differences in satisfaction in intimate relationships. Whereas prior research has focused on gender differences in central tendency (i.e., means), we conducted two studies – a secondary analysis of data from a probability sample of Australian married couples and a meta-analysis – to examine gender differences in variability (i.e., variances). We hypothesized that compared to males, females would demonstrate greater variability in intimate relationship satisfaction (i.e., greater female variability hypothesis), particularly at lower levels of relationship satisfaction. Results from a secondary analysis of data from 2,711 married couples in the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey and from a meta-analysis of 20 years of research (k = 171, N = 84,976), including independent samples from 33 countries, indicated that relative to males, females reported greater variability in relationship satisfaction. Obtained effect sizes (female-to-male variance ratios [VRs] of 1.42 for the HILDA sample and 1.19 for the meta-analysis) were larger than proposed cutoffs for meaningful group differences in variability. Analysis of tail ratios (ratios of the relative proportion of females divided by the relative proportion of males in the distributional tail regions) in the HILDA sample indicated that gender differences in variability were greater at lower (versus higher) levels of satisfaction. Findings support the greater female variability hypothesis and suggest that by focusing only on gender differences in means, the existing literature has underestimated gender differences in intimate relationship satisfaction.

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We did not include the Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI; Funk & Rogge, 2007), another common, well-validated measure of relationship satisfaction, because it includes items from the KMS, QMI, and RAS. Because we were interested in evaluating the degree to which gender differences in variability differed across measures of relationship satisfaction, we did not include the CSI because of overlap in item content with the other three measures.

To aid in comparing the current results with studies that have examined male-to-female variability, we calculated the male-to- female VR obtained from the meta-analysis to be 0.84 (= e ^-0.17 or 1/1.19).

Baucom et al. (2020) and Heyman et al. (2023) recruited participants for two independent samples from Suffolk County, New York using random digit dialing, a method of probability sampling, and obtained VRs of 1.42 and 1.38 for the QMI, respectively. These values are very similar to the VRs obtained using multistage probability sampling in the HILDA sample and the Zimmerman et al. (2019) and Chi et al. (2011) studies.

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Titel: Gender Differences in Variability in Intimate Relationship Satisfaction: A Secondary Analysis and Meta-Analysis
Auteurs: Mark A. Whisman
Antonia Balzert
Publicatiedatum: 06-10-2024
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review / Uitgave 4/2024
Print ISSN: 1096-4037
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2827
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-024-00499-y

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Gender Differences in Variability in Intimate Relationship Satisfaction: A Secondary Analysis and Meta-Analysis

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