Welkom bij Scalda & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Scalda heeft ervoor gezorgd dat je Mijn BSL eenvoudig en snel kunt raadplegen.Je kunt de producten hieronder links aanschaffen en rechts inloggen.
Gepubliceerd in:
01-07-2009 | Empirical Research
Anxiety Trajectories and Identity Development in Adolescence: A Five-wave Longitudinal Study
Auteurs: Elisabetta Crocetti, Theo Klimstra, Loes Keijsers, William W. Hale III, Wim Meeus
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 6/2009
Log in om toegang te krijgenshare
DELEN
Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)
-
Optie A:
-
Optie B:Deel de link per e-mail
Abstract
The aim of this five-wave longitudinal study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety and adolescent identity development. Participants were 1,313 adolescents who annually completed measures of anxiety and identity. Growth Mixture Modeling (GMM) analyses demonstrated that the adolescent population was best typified by two latent growth trajectory classes: a low anxiety class (n = 1,199) characterized by a low initial level of anxiety that decreased over time and a high anxiety class (n = 114) characterized by a higher initial level of anxiety that increased over time. To answer our research question, we tested a model in which the anxiety classes predicted initial levels and rates of change of three identity dimensions: commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment. Findings indicated that the high anxiety adolescents displayed a more troublesome identity development than their low anxiety peers, since their commitments became weaker with age, and they reconsidered them intensively.
Log in om toegang te krijgen
Voetnoten
1
In order to test age differences on anxiety we conducted multi-group analyses with cohort as grouping variable. Constraining mean intercepts and slopes across both cohorts did not yield significant decrease in model fit (Δχ² = 2.73, Δdf = 2, ns), which indicated no age differences.
2
In order to test age differences on identity dimensions we conducted multi-group analyses with cohort as grouping variable. Constraining intercept and slope across both cohorts did not yield significant decrease in model fit on commitment (Δχ² = 0.96, Δdf = 2, ns) and on in-depth exploration (Δχ² = 3.38, Δdf = 2, ns). Significant differences were found on reconsideration of commitment (Δχ² = 15.63, Δdf = 2, p < .01), however they were limited to wave 2, in which older adolescents reported a slight decrease in reconsideration while their younger counterparts remained stable.
Literatuur
go back to reference Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987). Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 213–232. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.213.PubMedCrossRef
Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987). Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 213–232. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.213.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Adams, G. R., Ryan, J. H., Hoffman, J. J., Dobson, W. R., & Nielsen, E. C. (1985). Ego identity status conformity behaviour, and personality in late adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1091–1104. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.47.5.1091.CrossRef
Adams, G. R., Ryan, J. H., Hoffman, J. J., Dobson, W. R., & Nielsen, E. C. (1985). Ego identity status conformity behaviour, and personality in late adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1091–1104. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.47.5.1091.CrossRef
go back to reference Akse, J., Hale, W. W. III, Engels, R. C. M. E., Raaijmakers, Q. A. W., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2004). Personality, perceived parental rejection and problem behaviour in adolescence. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39, 980–988. doi:10.1007/s00127-004-0834-5.PubMedCrossRef
Akse, J., Hale, W. W. III, Engels, R. C. M. E., Raaijmakers, Q. A. W., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2004). Personality, perceived parental rejection and problem behaviour in adolescence. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39, 980–988. doi:10.1007/s00127-004-0834-5.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Akse, J., Hale, W. W. III, Engels, R. C. M. E., Raaijmakers, Q. A. W., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2007). Stability and change in personality type membership and anxiety in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 30, 813–834. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.09.007.PubMedCrossRef
Akse, J., Hale, W. W. III, Engels, R. C. M. E., Raaijmakers, Q. A. W., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2007). Stability and change in personality type membership and anxiety in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 30, 813–834. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.09.007.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Arnett, J. J. (1999). Adolescent storm and stress, reconsidered. The American Psychologist, 54, 317–326. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.5.317.PubMedCrossRef
Arnett, J. J. (1999). Adolescent storm and stress, reconsidered. The American Psychologist, 54, 317–326. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.5.317.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Baumeister, R. F., & Muraven, M. (1996). Identity as adaptation to social, cultural, and historical context. Journal of Adolescence, 19, 405–416. doi:10.1006/jado.1996.0039.PubMedCrossRef
Baumeister, R. F., & Muraven, M. (1996). Identity as adaptation to social, cultural, and historical context. Journal of Adolescence, 19, 405–416. doi:10.1006/jado.1996.0039.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bernstein, G. A., Borchardt, C. M., & Perwien, A. R. (1996). Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: A review of the past 10 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1110–1119.PubMedCrossRef
Bernstein, G. A., Borchardt, C. M., & Perwien, A. R. (1996). Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: A review of the past 10 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1110–1119.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Berzonsky, M. D., & Adams, G. R. (1999). Reevaluating the identity status paradigm: Still useful after 35 years. Developmental Review, 19, 557–590. doi:10.1006/drev.1999.0495.CrossRef
Berzonsky, M. D., & Adams, G. R. (1999). Reevaluating the identity status paradigm: Still useful after 35 years. Developmental Review, 19, 557–590. doi:10.1006/drev.1999.0495.CrossRef
go back to reference Birmaher, B., Khetarpal, S., Brent, D., Cully, M., Balach, L., Kaufman, J., et al. (1997). The screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): Scale construction and psychometric characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 545–553. doi:10.1097/00004583-199704000-00018.PubMedCrossRef
Birmaher, B., Khetarpal, S., Brent, D., Cully, M., Balach, L., Kaufman, J., et al. (1997). The screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): Scale construction and psychometric characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 545–553. doi:10.1097/00004583-199704000-00018.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bosma, H. A. (1985). Identity development in adolescents: Coping with commitments. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Bosma, H. A. (1985). Identity development in adolescents: Coping with commitments. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
go back to reference Bosma, H. A., & Kunnen, E. S. (2008). Identity-in-context is not yet identity development-in-context. Journal of Adolescence, 31, 281–289. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.03.001.PubMedCrossRef
Bosma, H. A., & Kunnen, E. S. (2008). Identity-in-context is not yet identity development-in-context. Journal of Adolescence, 31, 281–289. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.03.001.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 445–455). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 445–455). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
go back to reference Crocetti, E., Rubini, M., Luyckx, K., & Meeus, W. (in press). Identity formation in early and middle adolescents from various ethnic groups: From three dimensions to five statuses. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-007-9222-2.
Crocetti, E., Rubini, M., Luyckx, K., & Meeus, W. (in press). Identity formation in early and middle adolescents from various ethnic groups: From three dimensions to five statuses. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-007-9222-2.
go back to reference Crocetti, E., Rubini, M., & Meeus, W. (2008). Capturing the dynamics of identity formation in various ethnic groups: Development and validation of a three-dimensional model. Journal of Adolescence, 31, 207–222. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.09.002.PubMedCrossRef
Crocetti, E., Rubini, M., & Meeus, W. (2008). Capturing the dynamics of identity formation in various ethnic groups: Development and validation of a three-dimensional model. Journal of Adolescence, 31, 207–222. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.09.002.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dellas, M., & Jernigan, L. P. (1990). Affective personality characteristics associated with undergraduate ego identity formation. Journal of Adolescent Research, 5, 306–324. doi:10.1177/074355489053004.CrossRef
Dellas, M., & Jernigan, L. P. (1990). Affective personality characteristics associated with undergraduate ego identity formation. Journal of Adolescent Research, 5, 306–324. doi:10.1177/074355489053004.CrossRef
go back to reference Duncan, T. E., Duncan, S. C., Strycker, L. A., Li, F., & Alpert, A. (1999). An introduction to latent variable growth curve modeling: Concepts, issues and applications. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Duncan, T. E., Duncan, S. C., Strycker, L. A., Li, F., & Alpert, A. (1999). An introduction to latent variable growth curve modeling: Concepts, issues and applications. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
go back to reference Erikson, E. (1950). Childhood and society. New York: Norton.
Erikson, E. (1950). Childhood and society. New York: Norton.
go back to reference Erikson, E. (1968). Identity, youth and crisis. New York: Norton.
Erikson, E. (1968). Identity, youth and crisis. New York: Norton.
go back to reference Grotevant, H. D. (1987). Toward a process model of identity formation. Journal of Adolescent Research, 2, 203–222. doi:10.1177/074355488723003.CrossRef
Grotevant, H. D. (1987). Toward a process model of identity formation. Journal of Adolescent Research, 2, 203–222. doi:10.1177/074355488723003.CrossRef
go back to reference Hale, W. W. III, Raaijmakers, Q., Muris, P., & Meeus, W. (2005). Psychometric properties of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED) in the general adolescent population. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 283–290. doi:10.1097/00004583-200503000-00013.PubMedCrossRef
Hale, W. W. III, Raaijmakers, Q., Muris, P., & Meeus, W. (2005). Psychometric properties of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED) in the general adolescent population. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 283–290. doi:10.1097/00004583-200503000-00013.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hale, W. W. III, Raaijmakers, Q., Muris, P., van Hoof, A., & Meeus, W. (2008). Developmental trajectories of adolescent anxiety disorder symptoms: A five year prospective community study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 557–565. doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181676583.CrossRef
Hale, W. W. III, Raaijmakers, Q., Muris, P., van Hoof, A., & Meeus, W. (2008). Developmental trajectories of adolescent anxiety disorder symptoms: A five year prospective community study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 557–565. doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181676583.CrossRef
go back to reference Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.
go back to reference Kerpelman, J. L., Pittman, J. F., & Lamke, L. K. (1997). Toward a microprocess perspective on adolescent identity development: An identity control theory approach. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12, 325–346. doi:10.1177/0743554897123002.CrossRef
Kerpelman, J. L., Pittman, J. F., & Lamke, L. K. (1997). Toward a microprocess perspective on adolescent identity development: An identity control theory approach. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12, 325–346. doi:10.1177/0743554897123002.CrossRef
go back to reference Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practices of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press.
Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practices of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Kroger, J. (2003). Identity development during adolescence. In G. R. Adams & M. D. Berzonsky (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of adolescence (pp. 205–226). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Kroger, J. (2003). Identity development during adolescence. In G. R. Adams & M. D. Berzonsky (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of adolescence (pp. 205–226). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
go back to reference Lo, Y., Mendell, N., & Rubin, D. (2001). Testing the number of components in a normal mixture. Biometrika, 88, 767–778. doi:10.1093/biomet/88.3.767.CrossRef
Lo, Y., Mendell, N., & Rubin, D. (2001). Testing the number of components in a normal mixture. Biometrika, 88, 767–778. doi:10.1093/biomet/88.3.767.CrossRef
go back to reference Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., & Soenens, B. (2006). A developmental contextual perspective on identity construction in emerging adulthood: Change dynamics in commitment formation and commitment evaluation. Developmental Psychology, 42(2), 366–380. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.366.PubMedCrossRef
Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., & Soenens, B. (2006). A developmental contextual perspective on identity construction in emerging adulthood: Change dynamics in commitment formation and commitment evaluation. Developmental Psychology, 42(2), 366–380. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.366.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego-identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 551–558. doi:10.1037/h0023281.PubMedCrossRef
Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego-identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 551–558. doi:10.1037/h0023281.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Marcia, J. E. (1967). Ego identity status: Relationship to change in self-esteem, “general maladjustment”, and authoritarianism. Journal of Personality, 35, 118–133. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1967.tb01419.x.PubMedCrossRef
Marcia, J. E. (1967). Ego identity status: Relationship to change in self-esteem, “general maladjustment”, and authoritarianism. Journal of Personality, 35, 118–133. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1967.tb01419.x.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Marcia, J. E. (1993). The ego identity status approach to ego identity. In J. E. Marcia, A. S. Waterman, D. R. Matteson, S. L. Archer & J. L. Orlofsky (Eds.), Identity: A handbook for psychosocial research (pp. 3–21). New York: Springer.
Marcia, J. E. (1993). The ego identity status approach to ego identity. In J. E. Marcia, A. S. Waterman, D. R. Matteson, S. L. Archer & J. L. Orlofsky (Eds.), Identity: A handbook for psychosocial research (pp. 3–21). New York: Springer.
go back to reference Marcia, J. E., & Friedman, M. L. (1970). Ego identity status in college women. Journal of Personality, 38, 249–263. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1970.tb00007.x.PubMedCrossRef
Marcia, J. E., & Friedman, M. L. (1970). Ego identity status in college women. Journal of Personality, 38, 249–263. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1970.tb00007.x.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Meeus, W. (1996). Studies on identity development in adolescence: An overview of research and some new data. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 25, 569–598. doi:10.1007/BF01537355.CrossRef
Meeus, W. (1996). Studies on identity development in adolescence: An overview of research and some new data. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 25, 569–598. doi:10.1007/BF01537355.CrossRef
go back to reference Meeus, W., Iedema, J., Helsen, M., & Vollebergh, W. (1999). Patterns of adolescent identity development: Review of literature and longitudinal analysis. Developmental Review, 19, 419–461. doi:10.1006/drev.1999.0483.CrossRef
Meeus, W., Iedema, J., Helsen, M., & Vollebergh, W. (1999). Patterns of adolescent identity development: Review of literature and longitudinal analysis. Developmental Review, 19, 419–461. doi:10.1006/drev.1999.0483.CrossRef
go back to reference Muris, P., & Steerneman, P. (2001). The Revised version of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED-R): First evidence for its reliability and validity in a clinical sample. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 35–44. doi:10.1348/014466501163463.PubMedCrossRef
Muris, P., & Steerneman, P. (2001). The Revised version of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED-R): First evidence for its reliability and validity in a clinical sample. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 35–44. doi:10.1348/014466501163463.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Muthén, L., & Muthén, B. (1998–2007). Mplus user’s guide (4th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén and Muthén.
Muthén, L., & Muthén, B. (1998–2007). Mplus user’s guide (4th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén and Muthén.
go back to reference Muthén, B., & Muthén, L. (2000). Integrating person-centered and variable-centered analysis: Growth mixture modeling with latent trajectory classes. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 24, 882–891. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb02070.x.
Muthén, B., & Muthén, L. (2000). Integrating person-centered and variable-centered analysis: Growth mixture modeling with latent trajectory classes. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 24, 882–891. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb02070.x.
go back to reference Myers, K., & Winters, N. C. (2002). Ten-year review of rating scales II: Scales for internalizing disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 634–659. doi:10.1097/00004583-200206000-00004.PubMedCrossRef
Myers, K., & Winters, N. C. (2002). Ten-year review of rating scales II: Scales for internalizing disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 634–659. doi:10.1097/00004583-200206000-00004.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ollendick, T. H., King, N. J., & Muris, P. (2002). Fears and phobias in children: Phenomenology, epidemiology, and etiology. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 7, 98–106. doi:10.1111/1475-3588.00019.CrossRef
Ollendick, T. H., King, N. J., & Muris, P. (2002). Fears and phobias in children: Phenomenology, epidemiology, and etiology. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 7, 98–106. doi:10.1111/1475-3588.00019.CrossRef
go back to reference Oshman, H., & Manosevitz, M. (1974). The impact of the identity crisis on the adjustment of late adolescent males. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 3, 207–216. doi:10.1007/BF02214750.CrossRef
Oshman, H., & Manosevitz, M. (1974). The impact of the identity crisis on the adjustment of late adolescent males. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 3, 207–216. doi:10.1007/BF02214750.CrossRef
go back to reference Overbeek, G. J., Vollebergh, W. A. M., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2003). Young adults’ relationship transitions and the incidence of mental disorders: A three-wave longitudinal study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, 669–676. doi:10.1007/s00127-003-0689-1.PubMedCrossRef
Overbeek, G. J., Vollebergh, W. A. M., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2003). Young adults’ relationship transitions and the incidence of mental disorders: A three-wave longitudinal study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, 669–676. doi:10.1007/s00127-003-0689-1.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Overbeek, G. J., Vollebergh, W. A. M., Meeus, W. H. J., Luijpers, E. T. H., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2001). Course, co-occurence and longitudinal associations between emotional disturbance and delinquency from adolescence to young adulthood: A six-year three-wave study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30, 401–426. doi:10.1023/A:1010441131941.CrossRef
Overbeek, G. J., Vollebergh, W. A. M., Meeus, W. H. J., Luijpers, E. T. H., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2001). Course, co-occurence and longitudinal associations between emotional disturbance and delinquency from adolescence to young adulthood: A six-year three-wave study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30, 401–426. doi:10.1023/A:1010441131941.CrossRef
go back to reference Palmonari, A., Pombeni, M. L., & Kirchler, E. (1992). Evolution of the self-concept in adolescence and social categorization processes. European Review of Social Psychology, 3, 285–308.CrossRef
Palmonari, A., Pombeni, M. L., & Kirchler, E. (1992). Evolution of the self-concept in adolescence and social categorization processes. European Review of Social Psychology, 3, 285–308.CrossRef
go back to reference Robins, R. W., John, O. P., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1996). Resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled boys: Three replicable personality types. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 157–171. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.1.157.PubMedCrossRef
Robins, R. W., John, O. P., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1996). Resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled boys: Three replicable personality types. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 157–171. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.1.157.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rotheram-Borus, M. J. (1989). Ethnic differences in adolescents’ identity status and associated behaviour problems. Journal of Adolescence, 12, 361–374. doi:10.1016/0140-1971(89)90060-2.PubMedCrossRef
Rotheram-Borus, M. J. (1989). Ethnic differences in adolescents’ identity status and associated behaviour problems. Journal of Adolescence, 12, 361–374. doi:10.1016/0140-1971(89)90060-2.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Schenkel, S., & Marcia, J. E. (1972). Attitudes toward premarital intercourse in determining ego identity status in college women. Journal of Personality, 3, 472–482. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1972.tb00074.x.CrossRef
Schenkel, S., & Marcia, J. E. (1972). Attitudes toward premarital intercourse in determining ego identity status in college women. Journal of Personality, 3, 472–482. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1972.tb00074.x.CrossRef
go back to reference Schwartz, G. (1978). Estimating the dimension of a model. The Annals of Statistics, 6, 461–464. doi:10.1214/aos/1176344136.CrossRef
Schwartz, G. (1978). Estimating the dimension of a model. The Annals of Statistics, 6, 461–464. doi:10.1214/aos/1176344136.CrossRef
go back to reference Schwartz, B. (2000). Self-determination: The tyranny of freedom. The American Psychologist, 55, 79–88. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.79.PubMedCrossRef
Schwartz, B. (2000). Self-determination: The tyranny of freedom. The American Psychologist, 55, 79–88. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.79.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Schwartz, S. J. (2005). A new identity for identity research: Recommendations for expanding and refocusing the identity literature. Journal of Adolescent Research, 20, 293–308. doi:10.1177/0743558405274890.CrossRef
Schwartz, S. J. (2005). A new identity for identity research: Recommendations for expanding and refocusing the identity literature. Journal of Adolescent Research, 20, 293–308. doi:10.1177/0743558405274890.CrossRef
go back to reference Stephen, J., Fraser, E., & Marcia, J. E. (1992). Moratorium-achievement (Mama) cycles in lifespan identity development: Value orientations and reasoning system correlates. Journal of Adolescence, 15, 283–300. doi:10.1016/0140-1971(92)90031-Y.PubMedCrossRef
Stephen, J., Fraser, E., & Marcia, J. E. (1992). Moratorium-achievement (Mama) cycles in lifespan identity development: Value orientations and reasoning system correlates. Journal of Adolescence, 15, 283–300. doi:10.1016/0140-1971(92)90031-Y.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Van Aken, M. A. G., & Dubas, J. (2004). Personality type, social relationships, and problem behavior in adolescence. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1, 331–348. doi:10.1080/17405620444000166.CrossRef
Van Aken, M. A. G., & Dubas, J. (2004). Personality type, social relationships, and problem behavior in adolescence. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1, 331–348. doi:10.1080/17405620444000166.CrossRef
go back to reference van Hoof, A. (1999). The identity status field re-reviewed: An update of unresolved and neglected issues with a view on some alternative approaches. Developmental Review, 19, 497–556. doi:10.1006/drev.1999.0484.CrossRef
van Hoof, A. (1999). The identity status field re-reviewed: An update of unresolved and neglected issues with a view on some alternative approaches. Developmental Review, 19, 497–556. doi:10.1006/drev.1999.0484.CrossRef
Metagegevens
- Titel
- Anxiety Trajectories and Identity Development in Adolescence: A Five-wave Longitudinal Study
- Auteurs
-
Elisabetta Crocetti
Theo Klimstra
Loes Keijsers
William W. Hale III
Wim Meeus
- Publicatiedatum
- 01-07-2009
- Uitgeverij
- Springer US
- Gepubliceerd in
-
Journal of Youth and Adolescence
/ Uitgave 6/2009
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601 - DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-008-9302-y
