Top

Gepubliceerd in:

09-01-2025

Minority stress in relation to biological outcomes among sexual and gender minority people: a systematic review and update

Auteurs: Annesa Flentje, Gowri Sunder, Elliot Tebbe

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine | Uitgave 1/2025

Abstract

Here we present an updated systematic review identifying studies published 2019–2024, since our prior systematic review in 2020, that examine the association between minority stress and a biological outcome among sexual and gender minority (SGM) people. Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase were queried to identify studies that examined an association between minority stress (including prejudice events and conditions, anticipation of rejection and discrimination, concealment or disclosure of SGM identity(ies), internalized stigma, or structural stigma) and a biological health outcome among SGM people. Included studies were coded for methodological approaches, study population, minority stress measure, biological outcomes, count of overall analyses, and count of analyses where an association was detected. Fifty-nine studies met inclusion criteria and included a total of 391 analyses between an element of minority stress and a biological outcome, among which 38% of analyses detected an association (44% detected this association when study outliers were removed). All elements of minority stress demonstrated associations with outcomes: multicomponent measures, prejudice events and conditions, and structural stigma demonstrated the highest proportion of associations. Associations with minority stress were detected for general physical health, sleep, immune, cardiovascular, metabolic, hormonal, brain health, allostatic load, epigenetic and transcriptional regulation. The highest proportion of associations were detected among sleep, immune, cardiovascular, and hormonal outcomes. These studies evidence associations between minority stress and biological outcomes among gender minority people in addition to evidence among sexual minority people. Future research should consider increasing rigor in methodology and expanding our understanding of moderators and mediators of these relationships.

vorige artikel The impact of exercise interventions on sleep in adult populations with depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress: review of the current evidence and future directions

volgende artikel Progress on theory of planned behavior research: advances in research synthesis and agenda for future research

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Adebajo, S. B., Adebiyi, R., Chama, J., Bello, S., Ononaku, U., Aka, A., Lai, S., Baral, S. D., Dyer, T. V., Crowell, T. A., Nowak, R. G., & Charurat, M. (2023). Depression and sexual stigma are associated with cardiometabolic risk among sexual and gender minorities living with HIV in Nigeria. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 92, 50–58. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000003096CrossRefPubMed

Ancheta, A. J., Hughes, T. L., Liu, J., Russell, S. T., & Bruzzese, J. M. (2023). Interpersonal- and community-level risk factors for adolescent obesity: An examination of sexual identity, school violence, and school climate in a large sample of urban adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 52, 1566–1581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01774-xCrossRefPubMed

Baiocco, R., Antoniucci, C., Pistella, J., Alessandri, G., Alivernini, F., Borghi, A. M., Chirico, A., Filosa, L., Fini, C., Palombi, T., Rosati, F., Tavolucci, S., & Lucidi, F. (2024). Aging well in an aging society: Physical health in older lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1369021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1369021CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Balsam, K. F., Beadnell, B., & Molina, Y. (2012). The daily heterosexist experiences questionnaire. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175612449743CrossRef

Bekhbat, M., & Neigh, G. N. (2018). Sex differences in the neuro-immune consequences of stress: Focus on depression and anxiety. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 67, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2017.02.006CrossRefPubMed

Belloir, J. A., Ensari, I., Jackman, K., Shechter, A., Bhargava, A., Bockting, W. O., & Caceres, B. A. (2024). Day-to-day associations of intersectional minority stressors with sleep health in sexual and gender minority people of color. Health Psychology, 43, 591–602. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001372CrossRefPubMed

Belloir, J. A., Kidd, J. D., Dworkin, J. D., & Bockting, W. O. (2022). Examining the role of problematic drug use in the relationship between discrimination and sleep disturbance in transgender and nonbinary individuals. Addictive Behaviors, 135, 107459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107459CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Boehmer, U., Clark, M. A., Winter, M., Berklein, F., & Ozonoff, A. (2022). Sexual minority-specific experiences of colorectal cancer survivors. Health Psychology, 41, 884–892. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001229CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bourke, C. H., Harrell, C. S., & Neigh, G. N. (2012). Stress-induced sex differences: Adaptations mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor. Hormones and Behavior, 62, 210–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.02.024CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Brooks, V. (1981). Minority stress and lesbian women. Free Press.

Caceres, B. A., Jackman, K. B., Belloir, J., Dworkin, J., Dolezal, C., Duncan, D. T., & Bockting, W. O. (2022). Examining the associations of gender minority stressors with sleep health in gender minority individuals. Sleep Health, 8, 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2021.10.006CrossRefPubMed

Caceres, B. A., Sharma, Y., Levine, A., Wall, M. M., & Hughes, T. L. (2023). Investigating the associations of sexual minority stressors and incident hypertension in a community sample of sexual minority adults. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 57, 1004–1013. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaac073CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Campbell, J., Hokett, E., & Duarte, A. (2024). Generalized stress and sleep hygiene explain the relationship between sexual/gender identity and sleep quality. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 28, 476–491. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2023.2204825CrossRef

Chan, K. K. S., & Fung, W. T. W. (2021). Differential impact of experienced and anticipated discrimination on sleep and health among sexual minorities. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 50, 3053–3063. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-01981-2CrossRefPubMed

Chan, K. J., Liang, J. J., Jolly, D., Weinand, J. D., & Safer, J. D. (2018). Exogenous testosterone does not induce or exacerbate the metabolic features associated with PCOS among transgender men. Endocrine Practice, 24, 565–572. https://doi.org/10.4158/EP-2017-0247CrossRefPubMed

Choo, S., Kim, R., Lee, H., Yi, H., & Kim, S. S. (2022). Association between discrimination and poor sleep health outcomes among 2192 South Korean gay, lesbian, and bisexual adults: A nationwide cross-sectional survey. Sleep Health, 8, 587–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2022.09.006CrossRefPubMed

Christian, L. M., Cole, S. W., McDade, T., Pachankis, J. E., Morgan, E., Strahm, A. M., & Kamp Dush, C. M. (2021). A biopsychosocial framework for understanding sexual and gender minority health: A call for action. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 129, 107–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.004CrossRef

Chu, J., Floyd, R., Diep, H., Pardo, S., Goldblum, P., & Bongar, B. (2013). A tool for the culturally competent assessment of suicide: The cultural assessment of risk for suicide (CARS) measure manual. Psychological Assessment, 25, 424.CrossRefPubMed

Cicero, E. C., Reisner, S. L., Merwin, E. I., Humphreys, J. C., & Silva, S. G. (2020). The health status of transgender and gender nonbinary adults in the United States. PLoS ONE, 15(2), e0228765. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228765CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Cole, S. W. (2019). The conserved transcriptional response to adversity. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 28, 31–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.01.008CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Cook, S. H., Slopen, N., Scarimbolo, L., Mirin, N., Wood, E. P., Rosendale, N., Chunara, R., Burke, C. W., & Halkitis, P. N. (2022). Discrimination is associated with C-reactive protein among young sexual minority men. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 45, 649–657. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-022-00307-4CrossRefPubMed

Cook, S. H., Wood, E. P., Rodrigues, M., Jachero Caldas, J., & Delorme, M. (2024). Assessment of a daily diary study including biospecimen collections in a sample of sexual and gender minority young adults: Feasibility and acceptability study. JMIR Formative Research, 8, e52195. https://doi.org/10.2196/52195CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Devlin, E. A., Newcomb, M. E., & Whitton, S. (2024). Demographic and minority stress risk factors for obesity among sexual minority youth assigned female at birth. LGBT Health, 11, 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2021.0122CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Diamond, L. M., & Alley, J. (2022). Rethinking minority stress: A social safety perspective on the health effects of stigma in sexually-diverse and gender-diverse populations. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 138, 104720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104720CrossRefPubMed

Dibble, K. E., Murray, S. M., Baral, S. D., Zlotorzynska, M., Wiginton, J. M., Stephenson, R., Edwards, O. W., Lyons, C., Rainey, J. C., Xue, Q. L., & Sanchez, T. H. (2023). Predicting salivary cortisol and sexual behavior stigma among MSM in the American men’s internet survey 2019. Science and Reports, 13, 18082. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44876-zCrossRef

DuBois, L. Z., & Juster, R. P. (2022). Lived experience and allostatic load among transmasculine people living in the United States. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 143, 105849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105849CrossRefPubMed

DuBois, L. Z., Puckett, J. A., Jolly, D., Powers, S., Walker, T., Hope, D. A., Mocarski, R., Huit, T. Z., Lash, B. R., Holt, N., Ralston, A., Miles, M., Capannola, A., Tipton, C., Eick, G., & Juster, R. P. (2024). Gender minority stress and diurnal cortisol profiles among transgender and gender diverse people in the United States. Hormones and Behavior, 159, 105473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105473CrossRefPubMed

Eisner, L., Fischer, S., Juster, R. P., & Hässler, T. (2024). The impact of marriage equality campaigns on stress: Did a Swiss public vote get under the skin? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121, e2400582121. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2400582121CrossRef

Eom, Y. J., Lee, H., Kim, R., Choo, S., Yi, H., & Kim, S. S. (2022). Discrimination keeps transgender people awake at night: A nationwide cross-sectional survey of 583 transgender adults in South Korea. Sleep Health, 8, 580–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2022.06.012CrossRefPubMed

Everett, B. G., & Agénor, M. (2023). Sexual orientation-related nondiscrimination laws and maternal hypertension among black and white U.S. women. Journal of Women’s Health, 32, 118–124. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2022.0252CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fahey, K. M. L., Cservenka, A., Peltier, M. R., Mereish, E. H., & Dermody, S. S. (2024). An experimental laboratory-based minority stress paradigm for alcohol research among sexual minority women: A pilot study. Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research, 48, 345–361. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.15255CrossRefPubMed

Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2023). Crime data explorer 2023 report. Crime data explorer. https://cde.ucr.cjis.gov/LATEST/webapp/#/pages/home

Figueroa, W. S., Zoccola, P. M., Manigault, A. W., Hamilton, K. R., Scanlin, M. C., & Johnson, R. C. (2021). Daily stressors and diurnal cortisol among sexual and gender minority young adults. Health Psychology, 40(2), 145–154. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001054CrossRefPubMed

Flentje, A., Sunder, G., Carrico, A., Asam, K., Neilands, T. B., Lisha, N. E., Dilley, J., Flowers, E., Kober, K., & Aouizerat, B. (2024). Differential gene expression in response to AWARENESS: A randomized control trial of an intersectional minority stress intervention. Health Psychology. Available at: https://oapolicy.universityofcalifornia.edu/viewobject.html?cid=1&id=4715326

Flentje, A. (2023). Challenges and pitfalls in research understanding the immunological impacts of minority stress among sexual and gender minority populations. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.021CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Flentje, A., Clark, K. D., Cicero, E., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Sauceda, J., Neilands, T. B., Lunn, M. R., & Obedin-Maliver, J. (2021). Minority stress, structural stigma, and physical health among sexual and gender minority individuals: Examining the relative strength of the relationships. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaab051CrossRefPubMedCentral

Flentje, A., Heck, N. C., Brennan, J. M., & Meyer, I. H. (2020). The relationship between minority stress and biological outcomes: A systematic review. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 43, 673–694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-019-00120-6CrossRefPubMed

Fredriksen-Goldsen, K., Jen, S., Emlet, C. A., Kim, H. J., & Jung, H. H. (2023a). Key determinants of physical and psychological health-related quality of life over time among midlife and older LGBTQ and sexual and gender-diverse caregivers. The Gerontologist, 63, 751–761. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnac112CrossRefPubMed

Fredriksen-Goldsen, K., Prasad, A., Kim, H. J., & Jung, H. (2023b). Lifetime violence, lifetime discrimination, and microaggressions in the lives of LGBT midlife and older adults: Findings from aging with pride: National health, aging, and sexuality/gender study. LGBT Health, 10, S49–S60. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2023.0139CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Friedman, M. R., Liu, Q., Meanley, S., Haberlen, S. A., Brown, A. L., Turan, B., Turan, J. M., Brennan-Ing, M., Stosor, V., Mimiaga, M. J., Ware, D., Egan, J. E., & Plankey, M. W. (2022). Biopsychosocial health outcomes and experienced intersectional stigma in a mixed HIV serostatus longitudinal cohort of aging sexual minority men, United States, 2008–2019. American Journal of Public Health, 112, S452–S462. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306735CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Frost, D. M., & Meyer, I. H. (2023). Minority stress theory: Application, critique, and continued relevance. Current Opinion in Psychology, 51, 101579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101579CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ghanooni, D., Carrico, A. W., Williams, R., Glynn, T. R., Moskowitz, J. T., Pahwa, S., Pallikkuth, S., Roach, M. E., Dilworth, S., Aouizerat, B. E., & Flentje, A. (2022). Sexual minority stress and cellular aging in methamphetamine-using sexual minority men with treated HIV. In press.CrossRef

Gibbs, J. J. (2023). Discrimination and sleep disturbance: How is substance use a mediator for sexual minority men? Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 23, 52–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/1533256X.2022.2159644CrossRef

Gibbs, J. J., & Fusco, R. A. (2023). Minority stress and sleep: How do stress perception and anxiety symptoms act as mediators for sexual minority men? Sleep Health, 9, 136–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2023.01.002CrossRefPubMed

Gillespie, A., Song, R., Barile, J. P., Okada, L., Brown, S., Traub, K., Trout, J., Simoncini, G. M., Hall, C. D. X., Tan, Y., Gadegbeku, C. A., Ma, G. X., & Wong, F. Y. (2024). Discrimination and hypertension among a diverse sample of racial and sexual minority men living with HIV: Baseline findings of a longitudinal cohort study. Journal of Human Hypertension. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-024-00919-0CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2009). How does sexual minority stigma get under the skin? A Psychological Mediation Framework. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 707–730. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016441CrossRefPubMed

Hatzenbuehler, M. L., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2014). Structural stigma and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis reactivity in lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults. Annals of Behavioral Medicine : A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 47, 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-013-9556-9CrossRefPubMed

Hendricks, M. L., & Testa, R. J. (2012). A conceptual framework for clinical work with transgender and gender nonconforming clients: An adaptation of the minority stress model. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43, 460.CrossRef

Herek, G. M. (1988). Heterosexuals’ attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Correlates and gender differences. Journal of Sex Research, 25, 451–477.CrossRef

Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., & Cogan, J. C. (2009). Revised internalized homophobia scale. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/t10966-000CrossRef

Huang, Y. T., Liang, Z., & Emery, C. (2022). Sexual minority stress, adverse childhood experiences, and obesity among gay men in Taiwan: Findings from a panel study. LGBT Health, 9, 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2021.0110CrossRefPubMed

Huebner, D. M., McGarrity, L. A., Perry, N. S., Spivey, L. A., & Smith, T. W. (2021). Cardiovascular and cortisol responses to experimentally-induced minority stress. Health Psychology, 40(5), 316–325. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001067CrossRefPubMed

Human Rights Campaign. (2024). New FBI data: Anti-LGBTQ+ Hate crimes continue to spike. HRC. https://www.hrc.org/press-releases/new-fbi-data-anti-lgbtq-hate-crimes-continue-to-spike-even-as-overall-crime-rate-declines

Juster, R. P., Doyle, D. M., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Everett, B. G., DuBois, L. Z., & McGrath, J. J. (2019). Sexual orientation, disclosure, and cardiovascular stress reactivity. Stress, 22(3), 321–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2019.1579793CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Juster, R.-P., Rutherford, C., Keyes, K., & Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2024). Associations between structural stigma and allostatic load among sexual minorities: Results from a population-based study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 86(3), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001289CrossRefPubMed

Keenan, K., Berona, J., Hipwell, A. E., Stepp, S. D., & Romito, M. T. (2021). Validity of the trier social stress test in studying discrimination stress. Stress, 24(1), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2020.1741545CrossRefPubMed

Kim, H. J., Fredriksen-Goldsen, K., & Jung, H. H. (2023). Determinants of physical functioning and health-related quality of life among sexual and gender minority older adults with cognitive impairment. Journal of Aging and Health, 35(1–2), 138–150. https://doi.org/10.1177/08982643221108658CrossRefPubMed

Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K.-M., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1993). The trier social stress test: A tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Neuropsychobiology, 28(1–2), 76–81. https://doi.org/10.1159/000119004CrossRefPubMed

Kolp, H., Wilder, S., Andersen, C., Johnson, E., Horvath, S., Gidycz, C. A., & Shorey, R. (2020). Gender minority stress, sleep disturbance, and sexual victimization in transgender and gender nonconforming adults. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76(4), 688–698. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22880CrossRefPubMed

Lambrou, N. H., Gleason, C. E., Obedin-Maliver, J., Lunn, M. R., Flentje, A., Lubensky, M. E., & Flatt, J. D. (2022). Subjective cognitive decline associated with discrimination in medical settings among transgender and nonbinary older adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159168CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Layland, E. K., Maggs, J. L., Kipke, M. D., & Bray, B. C. (2022). Intersecting racism and homonegativism among sexual minority men of color: Latent class analysis of multidimensional stigma with subgroup differences in health and sociostructural burdens. Social Science and Medicine, 293, 114602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114602CrossRefPubMed

Lessard, L. M., Puhl, R. M., & Watson, R. J. (2020). Gay-straight alliances: A mechanism of health risk reduction among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning adolescents. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 59(2), 196–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.02.020CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Li, M. J., Richter, E. I., Okafor, C. N., Kalmin, M. M., Dalvie, S., Takada, S., Gorbach, P. M., Shoptaw, S. J., & Cole, S. W. (2022). Social genomics of methamphetamine use, HIV viral load, and social adversity. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 56(9), 900–908. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaab096CrossRefPubMed

Li, M. J., Takada, S., Okafor, C. N., Gorbach, P. M., Shoptaw, S. J., & Cole, S. W. (2020). Experienced homophobia and gene expression alterations in Black and Latino men who have sex with men in Los Angeles County. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 83, 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2019.09.021CrossRefPubMed

McQuillan, M. T., Kuhns, L. M., Miller, A. A., McDade, T., & Garofalo, R. (2021). Gender minority stress, support, and inflammation in transgender and gender-nonconforming youth. Transgender Health, 6(2), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1089/trgh.2020.0019CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mereish, E. H., & Goldstein, C. M. (2020). Minority stress and cardiovascular disease risk among sexual minorities: Mediating effects of sense of mastery. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 27(6), 726–736. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-020-09919-zCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mereish, E. H., & Miranda, R., Jr. (2021). A preliminary experimental study of minority stress, startle reactivity, and alcohol use among heavy drinking sexual minority young adults. Substance Use & Misuse, 56(1), 162–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2020.1846197CrossRef

Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(1), 38–56. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137286CrossRefPubMed

Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mijas, M., Blukacz, M., Koziara, K., Kasparek, K., Pliczko, M. P., Galbarczyk, A., & Jasienska, G. (2021). Dysregulated by stigma: Cortisol responses to repeated psychosocial stress in gay and heterosexual men. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 131, 105325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105325CrossRefPubMed

Mohr, J., & Fassinger, R. (2000). Measuring dimensions of lesbian and gay male experience. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2000.12068999CrossRef

Oh, S., Potter, E., & Patterson, C. (2024). Sexual orientation and race in daytime sleepiness among cisgender individuals: Roles of discrimination and depressive symptoms. Psychology of Sexual ORIENTATION and Gender Diversity. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000710CrossRef

Parra, L. A., & Hastings, P. D. (2018). Integrating the neurobiology of minority stress with an intersectionality framework for LGBTQ-latinx populations. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2018(161), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20244CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Parra, L. A., & Hastings, P. D. (2020). Challenges to identity integration indirectly link experiences of heterosexist and racist discrimination to Lower waking salivary cortisol in sexually diverse latinx emerging adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 228. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00228CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Parsons, L. (2020). Bisexuality and health care. Journal of Bisexuality, 21(1), 42–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2020.1868036CrossRef

Poteat, T. C., Divsalar, S., Streed, C. G., Jr., Feldman, J. L., Bockting, W. O., & Meyer, I. H. (2021). Cardiovascular disease in a population-based sample of transgender and cisgender adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 61(6), 804–811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2021.05.019CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Rosati, F., Williams, D. P., Juster, R. P., Thayer, J. F., Ottaviani, C., & Baiocco, R. (2021). The cardiovascular conundrum in ethnic and sexual minorities: a potential biomarker of constant coping with discrimination. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 15, 619171. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.619171CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ross, M. W., Rosser, B. R. S., Polter, E. J., Bates, A. J., Wheldon, C. W., Haggart, R., West, W., Kohli, N., Konety, B. R., Mitteldorf, D., Talley, G. K. M. C., & Wright, M. (2023). Discrimination of sexual and gender minority patients in prostate cancer treatment: Results from the restore-1 study. Stigma and Health, 8(1), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1037/sah0000356CrossRefPubMed

Sattler, F. A., Nater, U. M., & Mewes, R. (2021). Gay men’s stress response to a general and a specific social stressor. Journal of Neural Transmission, 128(9), 1325–1333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-021-02380-6CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Segovia, M., & Sparks, P. J. (2024). Sexual minorities and sleep health: How does discrimination and stigma influence a sleep disorder diagnosis? Sleep Health, 10(1), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2023.11.003CrossRefPubMed

Smela, B., Toumi, M., Świerk, K., Francois, C., Biernikiewicz, M., Clay, E., & Boyer, L. (2023). Rapid literature review: Definition and methodology. Journal of Market Access & Health Policy, 11(1), 2241234. https://doi.org/10.1080/20016689.2023.2241234CrossRef

Tepman, A., & Wong, M. L. (2024). The role of victimisation and sleep quality in self-harm and depression among sexual minority adolescents. A prospective cohort study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02444-4CrossRef

Testa, R. J., Habarth, J., Peta, J., Balsam, K., & Bockting, W. (2015). Development of the gender minority stress and resilience measure. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(1), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000081CrossRef

Tran, N. K., Lunn, M. R., Schulkey, C. E., Tesfaye, S., Nambiar, S., Chatterjee, S., Kozlowski, D., Lozano, P., Randal, F. T., Mo, Y., Qi, S., Hundertmark, E., Eastburn, C., Pho, A. T., Dastur, Z., Lubensky, M. E., Flentje, A., & Obedin-Maliver, J. (2023). Prevalence of 12 common health conditions in sexual and gender minority participants in the all of us research program. JAMA Network Open, 6(7), e2324969. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.24969CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

U.S. anti-trans legislation history. (2024). Trans legislation tracker. https://translegislation.com/learn

Veale, J. F. (2023). Transgender-related stigma and gender minority stress-related health disparities in Aotearoa New Zealand: Hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, and general health. The Lancet Regional Health–western Pacific, 39, 100816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100816CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Vincent, W., Carrico, A. W., Dilworth, S. E., Fuchs, D., Neilands, T. B., Moskowitz, J. T., & Flentje, A. (2021). Intersecting minority statuses and tryptophan degradation among stimulant-using, sexual minority men living with HIV. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 89(3), 156–165. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000586CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wardecker, B. M., Graham-Engeland, J. E., & Almeida, D. M. (2021). Perceived discrimination predicts elevated biological markers of inflammation among sexual minority adults. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 44(1), 53–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-020-00180-zCrossRefPubMed

Williams, J. M. G., Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1996). The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 120(1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.120.1.3CrossRefPubMed

Wolfe, H. J., Jeon, A., Goulet, J. L., Simpson, T. L., Eleazer, J. R., Jasuja, G. K., Blosnich, J. R., Kauth, M. R., Shipherd, J. C., & Littman, A. J. (2024). Non-affirmation minority stress, internalized transphobia, and subjective cognitive decline among transgender and gender diverse veterans aged 45 years and older. Aging & Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2024.2335565CrossRef

Wood, E. P., & Cook, S. H. (2019). Father support is protective against the negative effects of perceived discrimination on CRP among sexual minorities but not heterosexuals. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 110, 104368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.06.019CrossRefPubMed

Xavier Hall, C. D., Okantey, B., Meng, Z., Sabuncu, C., Lane, B., Millender, E., Queiroz, A., Kim, J. H., Okada, L., Gillespie, A., Simoncini, G., Barile, J. P., Ma, G. X., & Wong, F. Y. (2024). Examining biopsychosocial predictors of risk for cognitive impairment among a racially diverse sample of men who have sex with men living with HIV. Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, 11, 20499361241249656. https://doi.org/10.1177/20499361241249657CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Titel: Minority stress in relation to biological outcomes among sexual and gender minority people: a systematic review and update
Auteurs: Annesa Flentje
Gowri Sunder
Elliot Tebbe
Publicatiedatum: 09-01-2025
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine / Uitgave 1/2025
Print ISSN: 0160-7715
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3521
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-024-00539-6

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2025

The recent history and near future of digital health in the field of behavioral medicine: an update on progress from 2019 to 2024

Open Access

Anxiety moderates the association between severity of food insecurity and sleep duration among young adults in food-insecure households

Brief Report

Personality and cardiovascular mortality risk: a multi-cohort analysis in individuals with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease

Open Access

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij Scalda & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

Minority stress in relation to biological outcomes among sexual and gender minority people: a systematic review and update

Abstract

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2025

The recent history and near future of digital health in the field of behavioral medicine: an update on progress from 2019 to 2024

Anxiety moderates the association between severity of food insecurity and sleep duration among young adults in food-insecure households

Personality and cardiovascular mortality risk: a multi-cohort analysis in individuals with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease

Patterns of dietary quality, physical activity, and sleep duration among cancer survivors and caregivers

Physical activity interventions: an update on advancing sedentary time, technology, and dissemination and implementation research

Perceived discrimination and pain outcomes among black adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain: identifying modifiable psychosocial risk factors

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij Scalda & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

The recent history and near future of digital health in the field of behavioral medicine: an update on progress from 2019 to 2024

Anxiety moderates the association between severity of food insecurity and sleep duration among young adults in food-insecure households

Personality and cardiovascular mortality risk: a multi-cohort analysis in individuals with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease

Patterns of dietary quality, physical activity, and sleep duration among cancer survivors and caregivers

Physical activity interventions: an update on advancing sedentary time, technology, and dissemination and implementation research

Perceived discrimination and pain outcomes among black adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain: identifying modifiable psychosocial risk factors