Skip to main content
Mijn bibliotheek
Shop
Nieuws Boeken Tijdschriften Toetsvragen Web-tv Video Audio
Tips voor Mijn BSL
Inloggen

Welkom bij Scalda & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Scalda heeft ervoor gezorgd dat je Mijn BSL eenvoudig en snel kunt raadplegen.Je kunt de producten hieronder links aanschaffen en rechts inloggen.

» Andere revante producten voor Scalda studenten en medewerkers.

Registreer

Schaf de BSL Academy aan: 

BSL Academy mbo AG

Eenmaal aangeschaft kun je thuis, of waar ook ter wereld toegang krijgen tot Mijn BSL.

Heb je een vraag, neem dan contact op met Jan van der Velden.

Login

Als u al geregistreerd bent, hoeft u alleen maar in te loggen om onbeperkt toegang te krijgen tot Mijn BSL.

Inloggen
Top
Cognitive Therapy and Research
Gepubliceerd in:

04-06-2020 | Original Article

Rumination: Practicing Retrieval of Autobiographical Memories

Auteurs: Paula T. Hertel, Paola Herrera, Pallavi Shamapant

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 5/2021

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail
    Link delen
publish
Publiceer nu

Abstract

Background

People who ruminate about negative personal experiences seem to be engaged in practicing retrieval, with the expected consequences of perpetuating those very memories (see Roediger and Butler in Trends Cogn Sci 15:20–27, 2011).

Method

To provide an experimental model of the effect of retrieval practice on subsequent recall of autobiographical memories, we recruited students with low and high scores on the Ruminative Response Scale (Treynor et al. in Cogn Ther Res 27:247–259, 2003), gave them positive and ruminative cues to generate memories, and cued three rounds of practice of half of the memories from each valence.

Results

A week later, final cued recall for all memories showed strong practice effects, with the exception that ruminators benefited very little from the request to practice positive memories.

Conclusion

Recalling personal memories benefits from prior practice in bringing them to mind. However, these results provide insufficient evidence to recommend training recall of positive autobiographical memories to counteract rumination.
vorige artikel Reframing the Past: Role of Memory Processes in Emotion Regulation
volgende artikel Inducing Affective Learning Biases with Cognitive Training and Prefrontal tDCS: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Voetnoten
1
There were actually two counterbalancing factors; see the “Materials” section.
 
2
Our experience suggests that undergraduate students do not show very stable scores on the RRS. Our practice in all experiments concerning rumination has always been to set aside data from individuals who do not produce a similar score at the end of the (first) experimental session—a score that keeps them within a few points of the original group designation.
 
3
There were no significant differences in the percentages of specific memories generated, according to any factor in the design, all ps > .28, all ηp2 < .02; overall M = 85.5, 95% CI [81.3, 89.9]. Out of the recalled memories on the final test, the same pattern obtained, all ps > . 47 all ηp2 < .02; overall M = 76.3, 95% CI [70.3, 82.4]. The apparent reduction likely resulted from the on-line nature of the test (i.e. no experimenter stressing specificity).
 
4
The practice effect on positive-memory recall by ruminators was marginally significant, F(1, 28) = 4.09, MSE = 343.94, p = .053, ηp2 = .13.
 
5
An additional analysis of emotion ratings that included a factor for measurement point did reveal a significant main effect for session, F(1, 51) = 7.71, MSE = 0.680, p = .008, ηp2 = .13, and a nonsignificant trend for an interaction of valence with session, F(1, 51) = 3.66, MSE = 0.893, p = .061, ηp2 = .07. On average, ratings were 0.21 points lower at delay—0.05 points lower for negative memories and 0.37 points lower for positive memories. Interpretation must take into account the confound that means were calculated across varying numbers of memories, due both to forgetting and to the uncontrolled conditions for the delayed test.
 
6
Readers might notice that ruminators and nonruminators recalled unpracticed positive and negative memories equally well. We assume that that this baseline level of recall reflects the probability that the test cues work similarly to their cuing tendency during the generation phase, as well as the similar tendencies to forget the episodic context of having produced them a week earlier.
 
Literatuur
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
Berntsen, D. (1998). Involuntary autobiographical memories in and outside the laboratory: How different are they from voluntary autobiographical memories? Memory, 6, 113–141.CrossRef
Bjork, R. A. (1975). Retrieval as a memory modifier: An interpretation of negative recency and related phenomena. In R. Solso (Ed.), Information processing and cognition: The Loyola Symposium (pp. 123–144). Earlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ.
Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1999). Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW): Instruction manual and affective ratings (Technical Report C-1). Gainesville: Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida.
Cohen, N., Mor, N., & Henik, A. (2015). Linking executive control and emotional response: A training procedure to reduce rumination. Clinical Psychological Science, 3, 15–25.CrossRef
Everaert, J., Bronstein, M. V., Cannon, T. D., & Joormann, J. (2018). Looking throught tinted glasses: Depression and social anxiety are related to both interpretation biases and inflexible negative interpretations. Clinical Psychological Science, 6, 517–528.CrossRef
Fawcett, J. M., Benoit, R. G., Gagnepain, P., Salman, A., Bartholdy, S., Bradley, C., et al. (2015). The origins of repetitive thought in rumination: Separating cognitive style from deficits in inhibitory control over memory. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 47, 1–8.CrossRef
Hertel, P., Maydon, A., Cottle, J., & Vrijsen, J. (2017). Cognitive bias modification: Retrieval practice to simulate and oppose ruminative memory biases. Clinical Psychological Science, 5, 122–130.CrossRef
Hertel, P. T., Maydon, A., Ogilvie, A., & Mor, N. (2018). Ruminators (unlike others) fail to show suppression-induced forgetting on indirect measures of memory. Clinical Psychological Science, 6, 872–881.CrossRef
Hertel, P., Mor, N., Ferrari, C., Hunt, O., & Agrawal, N. (2014). Looking on the dark side rumination and cognitive-bias modification. Clinical Psychological Science, 2, 714–726.CrossRef
James, W. (1890). Habit (p. 24). New York: H. Holt.
Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2008). Updating the contents of working memory in depression: Interference from irrelevant negative material. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 182–192.CrossRef
Joormann, J., Siemer, M., & Gotlib, I. H. (2007). Mood regulation in depression: Differential effects of distraction and recall of happy memories on sad mood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 484–490.CrossRef
Joormann, J., & Tran, T. B. (2009). Rumination and intentional forgetting of emotional material. Cognition and Emotion., 23, 1233–1246.CrossRef
Koster, E. H. W., De Lissnyder, E., & De Raedt, R. (2013). Rumination is characterized by valence-specific impairments in switching of attention. Acta Psychologica, 144, 563–570.CrossRef
Lyubomirsky, S., Caldwell, N. D., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1998). Effects of ruminative and distracting responses to depressed mood on retrieval of autobiographical memories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 166–177.CrossRef
Mather, M. (2006). Why memories may become more positive as people age. In B. Uttl, N. Ohta, & A. L. Siegenthaler (Eds.), Memory and emotion: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 135–158). Malden: Blackwell Publishing.CrossRef
Morris, C. D., Bransford, J. D., & Franks, J. J. (1977). Levels of processing versus transfer appropriate processing. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16, 519–533.CrossRef
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 400–424.CrossRef
Roediger, H. L., III, & Butler, A. C. (2011). The critical role of retrieval practice in long-term retention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 20–27.CrossRef
Rottenberg, J., Hildner, J. C., & Gotlib, I. H. (2006). Idiographic autobiographical memories in major depressive disorder. Cognition and Emotion, 20, 114–128.CrossRef
Schlagman, S., & Kvavilashvili, L. (2008). Involuntary autobiographical memories in and outside the laboratory: How different are they from voluntary autobiographical memories? Memory & Cognition, 36, 920–932.CrossRef
Takano, K., Van Grieken, J., & Raes, F. (2019). Difficulty in updating positive beliefs about negative cognition is associated with increased depressed mood. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 64, 22–30.CrossRef
Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 247–259.CrossRef
Vrijsen, J. N., Dainer-Best, J., Witcraft, S. M., Papini, S., Hertel, P., Beevers, C. P., et al. (2019). Effect of cognitive bias modification-memory on depressive symptoms and autobiographical memory bias: Two independent studies in high-ruminating and dysphoric samples. Cognition and Emotion, 33, 288–304.CrossRef
Vrijsen, J. N., Hertel, P. T., & Becker, E. S. (2016). Practicing emotionally biased retrieval affects mood and establishes biased recall a week later. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40, 764–773.CrossRef
Watkins, E. R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2014). A habit-goal framework of depressive rumination. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123, 24–34.CrossRef
Watson, L. A., Berntsen, D., Kuyken, W., & Watson, E. R. (2012). The characteristics of involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memories in depressed and never depressed individuals. Consciousness and Cognition, 21, 1382–1392.CrossRef
Young, K. D., Erickson, K., & Drevets, W. C. (2012). Match between cue and memory valence during autobiographical memory recall in depression. Psychological Reports: Mental & Physical Health, 111, 129–148.CrossRef
Zetsche, U., Burkner, P.-C., & Schulze, L. (2018). Shedding light on the association between repetitive negative thinking and deficits in cognitive control—A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 63, 56–65.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Rumination: Practicing Retrieval of Autobiographical Memories
Auteurs
Paula T. Hertel
Paola Herrera
Pallavi Shamapant
Publicatiedatum
04-06-2020
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 5/2021
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-020-10118-z

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2021

Emotional Memory: Concluding Remarks to the Special Issue on Memory Training for Emotional Disorders

  • Review

Online Cognitive Control Training for Remitted Depressed Individuals: A Replication and Extension Study

  • Original Article

Imagery Rescripting of Painful Memories in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Qualitative Analysis of Needs Fulfillment and Memory Updating

  • Original Article

Brain of Thrones: Cognitive Effort and Perceived Performance During a Cognitive Task in Major Depressive Disorder

  • Original Article

Reframing the Past: Role of Memory Processes in Emotion Regulation

  • Review

Correction to: The Future of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

  • Correction