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2023 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk
20. Sport, inspanning en ouder worden
Auteurs : Larry W. Kenney, Jack H. Wilmore, David L. Costill, Ramón Lindauer
Gepubliceerd in: Inspannings- en sportfysiologie
Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
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Introductie
Dara Torres is de eerste en enige Amerikaanse zwemster die aan vijf verschillende Olympische Spelen meedeed (in 1984, 1988, 1992, 2000 en 2008). Nog indrukwekkender is dat Torres de eerste zwemster was die op een leeftijd van boven de 40 jaar aan de Olympische Spelen meedeed! Op 17 augustus 2008, op een leeftijd van 41 jaar en 125 dagen, won zij de zilveren medaille op de 50 m vrije slag bij de vrouwen, in een nieuwe Amerikaanse recordtijd van 24,07 seconden (en net 0,01 s achter de winnares). Nog geen halfuur later won zij nog een zilveren medaille als lid van de Amerikaanse ploeg op 4 × 100-wisselslag. Daarbij zwom ze de snelste 100 m vrije slag (52,27 s) in de geschiedenis van de estafette tot dan toe. Daarna volgde nog een derde zilveren medaille, dit keer bij de 4 × 100 m-estafette vrije slag, waarbij ze als laatste zwemster voor de Verenigde Staten zwom.
De jaren van training op een dergelijk hoog niveau eisten echter hun tol, haar pijnlijke schouders en artrotische knieën ondergingen reconstructieve kniechirurgie en revalidatie. In 2010 begon Torres echter weer te trainen met als doel om mee te doen aan de Olympische Spelen van Londen in 2012. Bij de Amerikaanse olympische plaatsingswedstrijden in 2012 werd ze, op 45-jarige leeftijd, vierde op haar afstand, de 50 m vrije slag. Zij kwam slechts 0,09 seconden tekort om zich te kwalificeren voor haar zesde Olympische Spelen. Dat was het einde van de zeer bijzondere olympische carrière van Dara Torres.
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Bijlagen
Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers
Woordenlijst
Primaire veroudering
Het effect van alléén chronologische veroudering (bijv. in afwezigheid van andere co-morbiditeiten die vaak samengaan met veroudering).
Osteopenie
Het verlies van botmassa met toenemende leeftijd.
Osteoporose
Afgenomen botmineraaldichtheid waardoor botten poreus worden.
Perifere doorbloeding
De bloedstroom naar de extremiteiten en naar de huid.
Cardiovasculaire onttraining
Een afname in de mogelijkheden van het cardiovasculaire systeem om voldoende zuurstof en brandstoffen aan te voeren.
Cardiovasculaire drift
Een toename in hartfrequentie tijdens inspanning om de daling van het slagvolume te compenseren. Deze compensatie zorgt dat het hartminuutvolume constant blijft.
Geforceerde expiratoire volume in 1 seconde (FEV1,0)
Wordt ook een-secondewaarde genoemd. Het volume uigeademde lucht in de eerste seconde na een maximale inademing.
Maximale expiratoire ventilatie ( \({{\dot{\text{V}}}_{\text{Emax}}}\) )
De hoogste ventilatie die kan worden bereikt (tijdens inspanning).
Levensduur
De lengte van het leven van een persoon.
Gezonde levensjaren
Het aantal jaren in goede gezondheid, vrij van serieuze ziekte en chronische beperkingen.
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Metagegevens
- Titel
- Sport, inspanning en ouder worden
- Auteurs
-
Larry W. Kenney
Jack H. Wilmore
David L. Costill
Ramón Lindauer
- Copyright
- 2023
- Uitgeverij
- Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
- Boek
-
Inspannings- en sportfysiologie
Print ISBN: 978-90-368-2920-5
Elektronisch ISBN: 978-90-368-2921-2
Copyright: 2023
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-2921-2_20