Top

Gepubliceerd in:

16-11-2024 | Empirical Research

The Associations Between Parenting and Bullying Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Auteurs: Xiaowei Chu, Zikang Chen

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 4/2025

Abstract

Parenting styles are closely related to bullying behavior in children and adolescents. However, differences in study design and inconsistent results create uncertainty regarding the relationship between parenting and bullying. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between four parenting styles and bullying perpetration/victimization through a meta-analysis, identifying sources of study heterogeneity by examining moderating effects. This meta-analysis included 107 studies with 624 effect sizes and 162203 participants (49.28% female, M_age = 13.51, SD_age = 2.56). Results indicated that positive parenting was negatively correlated with bullying perpetration and victimization, while negative/harsh parenting and uninvolved parenting were positively correlated with bullying perpetration and victimization. A positive correlation was also found between psychologically controlling parenting and bullying victimization (not perpetration). Significant moderating variables included the identity of the caregiver, country of origin, ethnic group, reporter of parenting, reporter of bullying, and measure of bullying. Specifically, the mother’s psychological control was more related to bullying perpetration and victimization than the father’s. Compared to other countries and ethnic groups, the relationships between psychologically controlling parenting or negative/harsh parenting and bullying were more positive in studies of Chinese and Asians. The relationship between negative/harsh parenting and bullying demonstrated a greater effect size in self-reported measures of parenting and bullying. Finally, a stronger correlation was found between negative/harsh parenting and bullying victimization when using the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire to measure bullying. The current study deepens the understanding of the relationship between different parenting styles and bullying, emphasizing that adopting appropriate parenting, particularly positive parenting behaviors, helps mitigate bullying issues and achieve positive developmental outcomes for children and adolescents.

vorige artikel The Impact of Media Violence, Narcissism and Sex on Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Adolescents: A One-Year Follow-Up Study

volgende artikel Are Peer-rejected Adolescents More Likely to Become Bullies or Victims? A Longitudinal Social Network Analysis

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

^*Indicates studies used in the meta-analysis.

*Afifi, T., Salmon, S., Davila, I. G., Struck, S., Fortier, J., Taillieu, T., Stewart-Tufescu, A., Asmundson, G. J. G., Sareen, J., & MacMillan, H. L. (2020). Confirmatory factor analysis of adverse childhood experiences (ACES) among a community-based sample of parents and adolescents. BMC Pediatrics, 20, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.17821/v2.

*Alizadeh, S., Abu Talib, M. B., Abdullah, R., & Mansor, M. (2011). Relationship between parenting style and children’s behavior problems. Asian Social Science, 7(12). https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v7n12p195.

*Álvarez-García, D., Núñez, J. C., García, T., & Barreiro-Collazo, A. (2018). Individual, family, and community predictors of cyber-aggression among adolescents. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 10(2), 79–88. https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2018a8.

*Álvarez-García, D., Núñez, J. C., González-Castro, P., Rodríguez, C., & Cerezo, R. (2019). The effect of parental control oncyber-victimization in adolescence: The mediating role of impulsivity and high-risk behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1159. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01159.

Arata, C. M., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Bowers, D., & O’Farrill-Swails, L. (2005). Single versus multi-type maltreatment. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 11(4), 29–52. https://doi.org/10.1300/j146v11n04_02.CrossRef

Azhar, A., & Dad, H. (2023). Impact of parenting styles on adolescents’ self-esteem in relation with demographic variations. Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review, 4(2), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol4-iss2-2023(12-22).CrossRef

*Ates, B., Kaya, A., & Tunç, E. (2018). The investigation of predictors of cyberbullying and cyber victimization in adolescents. International Journal of Progressive Education, 14(5), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2018.157.9.

*Baldry, A. C., & Farrington, D. P. (2005). Protective factors as moderators of risk factors in adolescence bullying. Social Psychology of Education, 8(3), 263–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-005-5866-5.

Bandura, A. (1978). Social learning theory of aggression. Journal of Communication, 28(3), 12–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1978.tb01621.x.CrossRefPubMed

Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67(6), 3296–3319. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01915.x.CrossRefPubMed

Barlett, C., & Coyne, S. M. (2014). A meta‐analysis of sex differences in cyber‐bullying behavior: The moderating role of age. Aggressive Behavior, 40(5), 474–488. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21555.CrossRefPubMed

Bartolo, M. G., Palermiti, A. L., Servidio, R., Musso, P., & Costabile, A. (2019). Mediating processes in the relations of parental monitoring and school climate with cyberbullying: The role of moral disengagement. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 15(3), 568–594. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v15i3.1742.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 4(1, Pt.2), 1–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030372.CrossRef

Bester, G. (2007). Personality development of the adolescent: Peer group “versus” parents. South African Journal of Education, 27(2), 177–190.

Branson, C. E., & Cornell, D. G. (2009). A comparison of self and peer reports in the assessment of middle school bullying. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 25(1), 5–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/15377900802484133.CrossRef

*Boniel-Nissim, M., & Sasson, H. (2018). Bullying victimization and poor relationships with parents as risk factors of problematic internet use in adolescence. Computers in Human Behavior, 88, 176–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.041.

Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009). Introduction to meta‐analysis: John Wiley & Sons

Bornstein, M. H. (2008). Positive parenting and positive characteristics and values in children. What Can Parents Do?, 259–283. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470774113.ch11.

*Brendgen, M., Girard, A., Vitaro, F., Dionne, G., & Boivin, M. (2016). Personal and familial predictors of peer victimization trajectories from primary to secondary school. Developmental Psychology, 52(7), 1103–1114. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000107.

*Buelga, S., Martínez–Ferrer, B., & Cava, M. (2017). Differences in family climate and family communication among cyberbullies, cybervictims, and cyber bully–victims in adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 164–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.017.

Burt, S. A., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. (2003). Parent-child conflict and the comorbidity among childhood externalizing disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(5), 505 https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.5.505.CrossRefPubMed

Cai, Z., Wang, M., & Wang, F. (2019). Actor–partner analyses of the associations between harsh discipline and parent–child relationships in China. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(19–20), 9691–9708. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519870154.CrossRefPubMed

*Calvete, E., Fernández-González, L., González-Cabrera, J. M., & Gámez-Guadix, M. (2017). Continued bullying victimization inadolescents: Maladaptive schemas as a mediational mechanism. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(3), 650–660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0677-5.

*Chan, J. Y., Harlow, A. J., Kinsey, R., Gerstein, L. H., & Fung, A. L. (2018). The examination of authoritarian parenting styles, specific forms of peer-victimization, and reactive aggression in Hong Kong youth. School Psychology International, 39(4), 378–399. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034318777781.

*Charalampous, K., Demetriou, C., Tricha, L., Ioannou, M., Georgiou, S., Nikiforou, M., & Stavrinides, P. (2018). The effect of parental style on bullying and cyber bullying behaviors and the mediating role of peer attachment relationships: A longitudinal study. Journal of Adolescence, 64(1), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.02.003.

Chen, B.-B. (2018). The relationship between Chinese mothers’ parenting stress and sibling relationships: A moderated mediation model of maternal warmth and co-parenting. Early Child Development and Care, 190(9), 1350–1358. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2018.1536048.CrossRef

Chen, F., Garcia, O. F., Alcaide, M., Garcia-Ros, R., & Garcia, F. (2024). Do we know enough about negative parenting? recent evidence on parenting styles and child maladjustment. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 16(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2024a4.CrossRef

*Chen, K. Y. (2020a). The influence of parenting styles on adolescent school bullying: The moderating mediating effect. Master’s thesis. China: Qufu Normal University.

*Chen, X., Li, L., Lv, G., & Li, H. (2021a). Parental behavioral control and bullying and victimization of rural adolescents in China: The roles of deviant peer affiliation and gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 481. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094816.

Chen, J.-K., Pan, Z., & Wang, L.-C. (2021b). Parental beliefs and actual use of corporal punishment, school violence and bullying, and depression in early adolescence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12), 6270 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126270.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Chen, Q., Zhu, Y., & Chui, W. H. (2020b). A meta-analysis on effects of parenting programs on bullying prevention. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 22(5), 1209–1220. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838020915619.CrossRef

*Chen, X., Jiang, J., Li, Z., Gong, Y., & Du, J. (2022). Influence of family cohesion on Chinese adolescents’ engagement in school bullying: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1040559. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1040559.

*Chen, J.-K., Lin, L., Hong, J. S., & Wang, L.-C. (2023). Temporal association of parental corporal punishment with violence in school and cyberbullying among adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 143, 106251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106251.

Cook, C. R., Williams, K. R., Guerra, N. G., Kim, T. E., & Sadek, S. (2010). Predictors of bullying and victimization in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic investigation. School Psychology Quarterly, 25(2), 65–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020149.CrossRef

Cross, D., Monks, H., Hall, M., Shaw, T., Pintabona, Y., Erceg, E., Hamilton, G., Roberts, C., Waters, S., & Lester, L. (2011). Three‐year results of the friendly schools whole‐of‐school intervention on children’s bullying behaviour. British Educational Research Journal, 37(1), 105–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920903420024.CrossRef

*DeSmet, A., Rodelli, M., Walrave, M., Portzky, G., Dumon, E., & Soenens, B. (2021). The moderating role of parenting dimensions in the association between traditional or cyberbullying victimization and mental health among adolescents of different sexual orientation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 2867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062867.

*de Vries, E. E., Verlinden, M., Rijlaarsdam, J., Jaddoe, V. W., Verhulst, F. C., Arseneault, L., & Tiemeier, H. (2017). Like father, like child: Early life family adversity and children’s bullying behaviors in elementary school. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46(7), 1481–1496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0380-8.

Dishion, T. J., & McMahon, R. J. (1998). Parental monitoring and the prevention of problem behavior: A conceptual and empirical reformulation. PsycEXTRA Dataset. https://doi.org/10.1037/e495502006-010.

^*Du, F. L. (2023). A study on the relationship and intervention between parental rearing style, self-control and campus bullying of junior middle school students. Master’s thesis. China: Qinghai Normal University.

*Duong, M. T., Schwartz, D., Chang, L., Kelly, B. M., & Tom, S. R. (2009). Associations between maternal physical discipline and peer victimization among Hong Kong Chinese children: The moderating role of child aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(7), 957–966. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009-9322-4.

Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ, 315(7109), 629–634.PubMedPubMedCentral

*Emirtekin, E., Balta, S., Kircaburun, K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Childhood emotional abuse and cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents: The mediating role of trait mindfulness. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18(6), 1548–1559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-0055-5.

*Eiden, R. D., Livingston, J. A., Kelm, M. R., & Sassaman, J. N. (2021). Risk and protective pathways to peer victimization from infancy to adolescence: Role of fathers. Adversity and Resilience Science, 2(2), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42844-020-00028-0.

Eyuboglu, M., Eyuboglu, D., Pala, S. C., Oktar, D., Demirtas, Z., Arslantas, D., & Unsal, A. (2021). Traditional school bullying and cyberbullying: Prevalence, the effect on mental health problems and self-harm behavior. Psychiatry Research, 297, 113730 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113730.CrossRefPubMed

*Fang, J., Wang, W., Gao, L., Yang, J., Wang, X., Wang, P., & Wen, Z. (2020). Childhood maltreatment and adolescent cyberbullying perpetration: A moderated mediation model of callous—unemotional traits and perceived social support. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(7–8), NP5026–NP5049. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520960106.

Figueira, Mde, Okada, L. M., Leite, T. H., Azeredo, C. M., & Marques, E. S. (2022). Association between parental supervision and bullying victimization and perpetration in Brazilian adolescents, Brazilian National Survey of Student’s Health 2015. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, 31(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-49742022000100025.CrossRef

Moghaddam, M. F., Validad, A., Rakhshani, T., & Assareh, M. (2017). Child self-esteem and different parenting styles of mothers: A cross-sectional study. Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 19(1), 37–42. https://doi.org/10.12740/app/68160.CrossRef

Fitton, L., Yu, R., & Fazel, S. (2018). Childhood maltreatment and violent outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 21(4), 754–768. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838018795269.CrossRef

*Fox, J. K., Ryan, J. L., Martin Burch, J., & Halpern, L. F. (2021). The role of parental overcontrol in the relationship between peer victimization, social threat cognitions, and social anxiety in school-age children. School Mental Health, 14(1), 201–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-021-09466-2.

*Frazer, A. L., Cooley, J. L., Fite, P. J., & Poquiz, J. (2018). Anger inhibition moderates the link between parental psychological control and peer victimization. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 64(3), 376–369. https://doi.org/10.13110/merrpalmquar1982.64.3.0376.

Fu, C., Niu, H., & Wang, M. (2019). Parental corporal punishment and children’s problem behaviors: The moderating effects of parental inductive reasoning in China. Children and Youth Services Review, 99, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.01.028.CrossRef

Fujikawa, S., Ando, S., Nishida, A., Usami, S., Koike, S., Yamasaki, S., Morimoto, Y., Toriyama, R., Kanata, S., Sugimoto, N., Sasaki, T., Furukawa, T. A., Hiraiwa‐Hasegawa, M., & Kasai, K. (2018). Disciplinary slapping is associated with bullying involvement regardless of warm parenting in early adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 68(1), 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.018.CrossRefPubMed

*Garaigordobil, M., & Navarro, R. (2022). Parenting styles and self-esteem in adolescent cybervictims and cyber aggressors: Selfesteemas a mediator variable. Children, 9(12), 1795. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121795.

Geary, D. C. (2010). Male, female: The evolution of human sex differences (2nd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/12072-000.

Geng, J., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Lei, L., & Wang, P. (2020). If you love me, you must do…” Parental psychological control and cyberbullying perpetration among Chinese adolescents. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(9–10), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520978185.CrossRef

*Georgiou, S. N., Fousiani, K., Michaelides, M., & Stavrinides, P. (2013). Cultural value orientation and authoritarian parenting as parameters of bullying and victimization at school. International Journal of Psychology, 48(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2012.754104.

*Georgiou, S. N., Ioannou, M., & Stavrinides, P. (2017). Cultural values as mediators between parenting styles and bullying behavior at school. Social Psychology of Education, 21(1), 27–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-017-9413-y.

*Georgiou, S. N., & Stavrinides, P. (2013). Parenting at home and bullying at school. Social Psychology of Education, 16(2), 165–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-012-9209-z.

Gini, G., Card, N. A., & Pozzoli, T. (2017). A meta‐analysis of the differential relations of traditional and cyber‐victimization with internalizing problems. Aggressive Behavior, 44(2), 185–198. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21742.CrossRefPubMed

Godleski, S. A., & Ostrov, J. M. (2020). Parental influences on child report of relational attribution biases during early childhood. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 192, 104775 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104775.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gómez-Ortiz, O., Romera, E., Ortega-Ruiz, R., & Del Rey, R. (2018). Parenting practices as risk or preventive factors for adolescent involvement in cyberbullying: Contribution of children and parent gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(12), 2664 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122664.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Griffin, R. S., & Gross, A. M. (2004). Childhood bullying: Current empirical findings and future directions for Research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9(4), 379–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1359-1789(03)00033-8.CrossRef

Gross, J. T., Stern, J. A., Brett, B. E., & Cassidy, J. (2017). The multifaceted nature of prosocial behavior in children: Links with Attachment Theory and Research. Social Development, 26(4), 661–678. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12242.CrossRef

^*Gu, J. F. (2019). Influence of parenting style on cyberbullying in middle school students: The mediating effect of basic empathy. Master’s thesis. China: South-Central University for Nationalities.

Güngör, D., & Bornstein, M. H. (2010). Culture‐General and ‐specific associations of attachment avoidance and anxiety with perceived parental warmth and psychological control among Turk and Belgian adolescents☆. Journal of Adolescence, 33(5), 593–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.12.005.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Guo, S. (2016). A meta-analysis of the predictors of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. Psychology in the Schools, 53(4), 432–453. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21914.CrossRef

*Hamstra, C., & Fitzgerald, M. (2022). Longitudinal effects from childhood abuse to bullying perpetration in adolescence: The role of mental health and social problems. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 15(3), 869–881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-021-00409-2.

Harshman, K. L. (2014). Assessing effectiveness of age-appropriate curriculum on internet safety education and cyberbullying prevention. Doctoral dissertation. USA: Grand Canyon University.

*Havewala, M., & Wang, C. (2021). Effects of peer victimization on child emotional and behavioral difficulties: The moderating role of parenting. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30(11), 2601–2615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02054-7.

Hawk, S. T., Hale, W. W., Raaijmakers, Q. A., & Meeus, W. (2008). Adolescents’ perceptions of privacy invasion in reaction to parental solicitation and Control. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 28(4), 583–608. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431608317611.CrossRef

Hawk, S. T., Becht, A., & Branje, S. (2015). snooping” as a distinct parental monitoring strategy: Comparisons with overt solicitation and Control. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 26(3), 443–458. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12204.CrossRefPubMed

Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2022). Bullying and cyberbullying offending among us youth: The influence of six parenting dimensions. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31(5), 1454–1473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02208-7.CrossRef

*Hong, J. S., Lee, J., Espelage, D. L., Hunter, S. C., Patton, D. U., & Rivers, Jr, T. (2016). Understanding the correlates of face-to face and cyberbullying victimization among U.S. adolescents: A social-ecological analysis. Violence and Victims, 31(4), 638–663. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-15-00014.

*Hong, J. S., Kim, D. H., & Piquero, A. R. (2017). Assessing the links between punitive parenting, peer deviance, social isolation and bullying perpetration and victimization in South Korean adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 73, 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.017.

*Hong, J. S., Kim, D. H., Thornberg, R., Kang, J. H., & Morgan, J. T. (2018). Correlates of direct and indirect forms of cyberbullying victimization involving South Korean adolescents: An ecological perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 327–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.06.010.

*Hong, J. S., Kim, D. H., deLara, E. W., Wei, H.-S., Prisner, A., & Alexander, N. B. (2020). Parenting style and bullying and victimization: Comparing foreign-born Asian, U.S.-born Asian, and White American adolescents. Journal of Family Violence, 36(7), 799–811. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-020-00176-y.

*Hsieh, Y.-P., Shen, A. C.-T., Hwa, H.-L., Wei, H.-S., Feng, J.-Y., & Huang, S. C.-Y. (2020). Associations between child maltreatment, dysfunctional family environment, post-traumatic stress disorder and children’s bullying perpetration in a national representative sample in Taiwan. Journal of Family Violence, 36(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-020-00144-6.

^*Huang, S. Q. (2022). Perceived parental conflict and cyberbullying in middle school students: The mediating role of emotional insecurity and the moderating role of parental emotional warmth. Master’s thesis. China: Guangzhou University.

Humphreys, K. L., LeMoult, J., Wear, J. G., Piersiak, H. A., Lee, A., & Gotlib, I. H. (2020). Child maltreatment and depression: A meta-analysis of studies using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect, 102, 104361 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104361.CrossRef

*Hutchinson, L., & Mueller, D. (2008). Sticks and stones and broken bones: The influence of parental verbal abuse on peer related victimization. Western Criminology Review, 9(1), 17–30.

*Ioannidou, L., & Zafiropoulou, M. (2021). Parenting practices, victimization, and negative affectivity in child internalizing symptoms: Moderated-mediation models. International Journal of Developmental Science, 15(1–2), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.3233/dev-210308.

Kiesner, J., Poulin, F., & Dishion, T. J. (2010). Adolescent substance use with friends: Moderating and mediating effects of parental monitoring and peer activity contexts. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 56(4), 529 https://doi.org/10.1353/mpq.2010.0002.CrossRefPubMed

^*Ji, Y. T. (2018). Study on the relationship among middle school students’ family education styles, self-esteem and campus bullying. Master’s thesis. China: Harbin Normal University.

Jinnah, H. A., & Stoneman, Z. (2016). Influence of permissive parenting on Youth Farm Risk Behaviors. Journal of Agromedicine, 21(3), 244–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924x.2016.1179610.CrossRefPubMed

Juang, L. P., Syed, M., Cookston, J. T., Wang, Y. & Kim, S. Y. (2012). Acculturation-based and everyday family conflict in Chinese American families. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2012(135), 13–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.20002.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kakihara, F., Tilton-Weaver, L., Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2009). The relationship of parental control to youth adjustment: Do youths’ feelings about their parents play a role? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(12), 1442–1456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9479-8.CrossRefPubMed

Kakihara, F., & Tilton‐Weaver, L. (2009). Adolescents’ interpretations of parental control: Differentiated by domain and types of control. Child Development, 80(6), 1722–1738. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01364.x.CrossRefPubMed

*Karlsson, E., Stickley, A., Lindblad, F., Schwab-Stone, M., & Ruchkin, V. (2013). Risk and protective factors for peer victimization: A 1-year follow-up study of urban American students. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 23(9), 773–781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-013-0507-6.

*Kaufman, T. M., Kretschmer, T., Huitsing, G., & Veenstra, R. (2019). Caught in a vicious cycle? Explaining bidirectional spillover between parent-child relationships and peer victimization. Development and Psychopathology, 32(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001360.

Kawabata, Y., Alink, L. R. A., Tseng, W.-L., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Crick, N. R. (2011). Maternal and paternal parenting styles associated with relational aggression in children and adolescents: A conceptual analysis and meta-analytic review. Developmental Review, 31(4), 240–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2011.08.001.CrossRef

Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2000). What parents know, how they know it, and several forms of adolescent adjustment: Further support for a reinterpretation of monitoring. Developmental Psychology, 36(3), 366–380. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.36.3.366.CrossRefPubMed

Kerr, M., Stattin, H., & Burk, W. J. (2010). A reinterpretation of parental monitoring in longitudinal perspective. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20(1), 39–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00623.x.CrossRef

*Kim, J., & Kim, E. (2016). Bullied by siblings and peers: The role of rejecting/neglecting parenting and friendship quality among Korean children. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(11), 2203–2226. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516659659.

Kircaburun, K., Jonason, P., Griffiths, M. D., Aslanargun, E., Emirtekin, E., Tosuntaş, B., & Billieux, J. (2019). Childhood emotional abuse and cyberbullying perpetration: The role of dark personality traits. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(21–22), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519889930.CrossRef

Kljakovic, M., & Hunt, C. (2016). A meta‐analysis of predictors of bullying and victimisation in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 49(1), 134–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.03.002.CrossRefPubMed

Kmet, L. M., Lee, R. C., & Cook, L. S. (2004). Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for evaluating primary research papers from a variety of fields. Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research.

*Kokkinos, C. M., Antoniadou, N., Asdre, A., & Voulgaridou, K. (2016). Parenting and internet behavior predictors of cyberbullying and cyber-victimization among preadolescents. Deviant Behavior, 37(4), 439–455. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2015.1060087.

*Kokkinos, C. M., & Panayiotou, G. (2007). Parental discipline practices and locus of control: Relationship to bullying and victimization experiences of elementary school students. Social Psychology of Education, 10(3), 281–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-007-9021-3.

*Kotchick, B. A., Papadakis, A. A., Nettles, C., & Jobe, S. L. (2019). Peer victimization and depressive symptoms in early adolescents: The protective role of perceived supportive parenting. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(5), 1350–1362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01610-6.

Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073–1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618.CrossRefPubMed

*Krisnana, I., Rachmawati, P. D., Arief, Y. S., Kurnia, I. D., Nastiti, A. A., Safitri, I. F., & Putri, A. T. (2019). Adolescent characteristics and parenting style as the determinant factors of bullying in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 33(5), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2019-0019.

*Ladd, G. W., & Ladd, B. K. (1998). Parenting behaviors and parent-child relationships: Correlates of peer victimization in kindergarten? Developmental Psychology, 34(6), 1450–1458. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.34.6.1450.

*Larrañaga, E., Yubero, S., Ovejero, A., & Navarro, R. (2016). Loneliness, parent-child communication and cyberbullying victimization among Spanish youths. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.08.015.

*Lee, J. M., Hong, J. S., Resko, S. M., Gonzalez-Prendes, A. A., & Voisin, D. R. (2021). Ecological correlates of bullying and peer victimization among urban African American adolescents. The Journal of Educational Research, 114(4), 346–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2021.1937914.

*Lee, C.-H., & Song, J. (2012). Functions of parental involvement and effects of school climate on bullying behaviors among South Korean middle school students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(12), 2437–2464. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260511433508.

Lee, G., & Kim, Y. (2016). Interrelationship among school characteristics, parental involvement, and children’s characteristics in predicting children’s victimization by peers: Comparison between the United States and three Eastern Asia countries. Journal of International Education Research (JIER), 12(4), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.19030/jier.v12i4.9798.CrossRef

*Legate, N., Weinstein, N., & Przybylski, A. K. (2018). Parenting strategies and adolescents’ cyberbullying behaviors: Evidence from a preregistered study of parent–child dyads. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(2), 399–409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0962-y.

Lereya, S. T., Samara, M., & Wolke, D. (2013). Parenting behavior and the risk of becoming a victim and a bully/victim: A meta-analysis study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(12), 1091–1108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.001.CrossRef

*Li, D., Zhang, W., & Wang, Y. (2013). Parental behavioral control, psychological control and Chinese adolescents’ peer victimization: The mediating role of self-control. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(3), 628–637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9873-4.

*Li, S. Y., & Jin, C. C. (2020). Parental monitoring and middle school students’ involvement in cyberbullying: The chain mediating role of self-control and interpersonal adjustment. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28(6), 1221–1225. https://doi.org/10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2020.06.029.

*Li, S., Liu, H., & Yu, G. (2022). Childhood maltreatment and cyberbullying victimization: Roles of maladaptive self-cognition and gender. Current Psychology, 42(31), 27360–27371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03854-w.

Li, S., Zhao, F., & Yu, G. (2020). Childhood emotional abuse and depression among adolescents: Roles of deviant peer affiliation and Gender. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(1–2). https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520918586.

Li, Z., Yu, C., Nie, Y., & Liu, Q. (2021). Parental corporal punishment, peer victimization, and aggressive adolescent behavior: The moderating effect of parent-adolescent relationship. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31(4), 949–961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02157-1.

^*Li, T., Huang, Y., Jiang, M., Ma, S., & Ma, Y. (2023). Childhood psychological abuse and relational aggression among adolescents: A moderated chain mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1082516.

Lim, B. S. C., & Wang, C. K. J. (2009). Perceived autonomy support, behavioural regulations in physical education and physical activity intention. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(1), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.06.003.CrossRef

Lin, S., Wang, Y., Cheng, G., & Bai, X. (2023). Relationship between harsh parenting and aggressive behaviors in male juvenile delinquents: Potential mediating roles of peer victimization and hostile attribution bias. Behavioral Sciences, 13(7), 610. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13070610.

^*Liu, X. H. (2020a). Study on the relationship between parenting styles, school bullying and cyberbullying behaviors of junior high school students and intervention by group counseling. Master’s thesis. China: Central China Normal University.

^*Liu, S. (2020b). The influence of parenting style on campus bullying of secondary vocational school students: The intermediation of teacher-student relationship. Master’s thesis. China: Hunan Agricultural University.

^*Liu, Y. (2020c). The relationship between parental psychological control and cyberbullying in adolescents: The mediating role of self-esteem and self-control. Master’s thesis. China: Hebei University.

*Low, S., & Espelage, D. (2013). Differentiating cyber bullying perpetration from non-physical bullying: Commonalities across race, individual, and family predictors. Psychology of Violence, 3(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030308.

*Ma, T.-L., & Bellmore, A. (2011). Peer victimization and parental psychological control in adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(3), 413–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-011-9576-5.

*Ma, X. Y., Xie, Y., & Chen, Y. (2017). The campus bullying behavior and parenting style: The mediation effects of peerrelationship. Advances in Psychology, 7(11), 1337–1343. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2017.711166.

Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen & E. M. Hetherington (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (4th ed., vol. 4, pp. 1–101). New York: Wiley

*Maftei, A., Bumbaru, E. V., Grigore, A. N., & Holman, A. C. (2020). Parental rejection and moral disengagement predict Romanian adolescents’ bullying behavior. International Journal of Education and Psychology in the Community, 10(1/2), 163–185.

Makri-Botsari, E., & Karagianni, G. (2014). Cyberbullying in greek adolescents: The role of parents. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3241–3253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.742.CrossRef

^*Martín-Babarro, J., Toldos, M. P., Paredes-Becerra, L., Abregu-Crespo, R., Fernández-Sánchez, J., & Díaz-Caneja, C. M. (2021). Association of different forms of child maltreatment with peer victimization in Mexican children and adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.662121.

Mason, C. A., Walker-Barnes, C. J., Tu, S., Simons, J., & Martinez-Arrue, R. (2004). Ethnic differences in the affective meaning of parental control behaviors. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 25(1), 59–79. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:jopp.0000039939.83804.37.CrossRef

^*Meng, J. (2021). The influence of parental emotional abuse on campus bullying of junior high school students and implications for social work interventions. Master’s thesis. China: Zhejiang University.

Meter, D. J., & Bauman, S. (2016). Moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring: Effects on traditional bullying and victimization via cyberbullying involvement. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 38(3), 303–326. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431616670752.CrossRef

Mohebbi, M., Mirnasab, M., & Wiener, J. (2016). Parental and school bonding in Iranian adolescent perpetrators and victims of bullying. School Psychology International, 37(6), 583–605. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034316671989.CrossRef

Möller, E. L., Majdandžić, M., de Vente, W., & Bögels, S. M. (2012). The evolutionary basis of sex differences in parenting and its relationship with child anxiety in western societies. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 4(2), 88–117. https://doi.org/10.5127/jep.026912.CrossRef

Moore, S. E., Norman, R. E., Suetani, S., Thomas, H. J., Sly, P. D., & Scott, J. G. (2017). Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World Journal of Psychiatry, 7(1), 60 https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v7.i1.60.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Moreno-Ruiz, D., Estévez, E., Jiménez, T., & Murgui, S. (2018). Parenting style and reactive and proactive adolescent violence: Evidence from Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(12), 2634 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122634.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

*Morgan, P. L., Farkas, G., Woods, A. D., Wang, Y., Hillemeier, M. M., & Oh, Y. (2023). Factors predictive of being bullies orvictims of bullies in US elementary schools. School Mental Health, 15(2), 566–582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-023-09571-4.

Morsbach, S. K., & Prinz, R. J. (2006). Understanding and improving the validity of self-report of parenting. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 9(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-006-0001-5.CrossRefPubMed

Nelson, D. A., & Coyne, S. M. (2008). Children’s intent attributions and feelings of distress: Associations with maternal and paternal parenting practices. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(2), 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-008-9271-3.CrossRef

Nelson, D. A., & Crick, N. R. (2002). Parental psychological control: Implications for childhood physical and relational aggression. In B. K. Barber (Ed.), Intrusive parenting: How psychological control affects children and adolescents (pp. 161–189). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10422-006.

Ng, F. F., & Wang, Q. (2019). Asian and Asian American parenting. In.M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting. Vol. 4: Social condi-tions and applied parenting (3rd ed., pp. 108–169). Mahwah, NJ:Routledge

^*Nota, R. (2013). Child and family predictors of bullying in middle school students. Doctoral Dissertation. USA: Wayne State University.

Olweus, D. (1993). Victimization by peers: Antecedents and long-term outcomes. In K. H. Rubin & J. B. Asendorpf (Eds.), Social withdrawal, inhibition, and shyness in childhood (pp. 315–341). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school: Basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(7), 1171–1190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01229.x.CrossRefPubMed

*Ortega Barón, J., Postigo, J., Iranzo, B., Buelga, S., & Carrascosa, L. (2018). Parental communication and feelings of affiliation inadolescent aggressors and victims of cyberbullying. Social Sciences, 8(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8010003.

*Özdemir, Y. (2014). Cyber victimization and adolescent self‐esteem: The role of communication with parents. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 17(4), 255–263. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12070.

Özgür, H. (2019). Online game addiction among Turkish adolescents: The effect of internet parenting style. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 7(1), 47–68. https://doi.org/10.17220/mojet.2019.01.004.CrossRef

Parent, J., Forehand, R., Dunbar, J. P., Watson, K. H., Reising, M. M., Seehuus, M., & Compas, B. E. (2013). Parent and adolescent reports of parenting when a parent has a history of depression: Associations with observations of parenting. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42(2), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9777-1.CrossRef

Peterson, L., Tremblay, G., Ewigman, B., & Popkey, C. (2002). The parental daily diary. Behavior Modification, 26(5), 627–647. https://doi.org/10.1177/014544502236654.CrossRefPubMed

^*Pirc, T., Pečjak, S., Podlesek, A., & Štirn, M. (2023). Perceived parenting styles and emotional control as predictors of peer bullying involvement. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education. https://doi.org/10.26822/iejee.2023.304.

Portman, T. A., Bartlett, J. R., & Carlson, L. A. (2010). Relational theory and intergenerational connectedness: A qualitative study. Adultspan Journal, 9(2), 88–102. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0029.2010.tb00074.x.CrossRef

Putnick, D. L., Bornstein, M. H., Hendricks, C., Painter, K. M., Suwalsky, J. T., & Collins, W. A. (2008). Parenting stress, perceived parenting behaviors, and adolescent self-concept in European American families. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(5), 752–762. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013177.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Prime, H., Andrews, K., Markwell, A., Gonzalez, A., Janus, M., Tricco, A. C., Bennett, T., & Atkinson, L. (2023). Positive parenting and early childhood cognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 26(2), 362–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-022-00423-2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

^*Qu, J., Lei, L., Wang, X., Xie, X., & Wang, P. (2020). Mother phubbing and adolescent cyberbullying: The mediating role of perceived mother acceptance and the moderating role of emotional stability. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(11–12). https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520983905.

Ramadan, A. T. F. (2019). Moral disengagement and parental monitoring as predictors of cyberbullying among first year secondary school students. International Journal of Psycho-Educational Sciences, 8(2), 95–103.

Ratner, B. (2009). The correlation coefficient: Its values range between +1/−1, or do they? Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 17(2), 139–142. https://doi.org/10.1057/jt.2009.5.CrossRef

*Ren, P., Yang, L., Chen, C., & Luo, F. (2022). Parental control and adolescents’ bullying victimization: The moderating role of teacher support. Current Psychology, 42(32), 27952–27964. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03864-8.

Rosenthal, R. (1991). Meta-analytic procedures for social research. Newbury Park: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412984997..

Rosenthal, R. (1995). Writing meta-analytic reviews. Psychological Bulletin, 118(2), 183–192. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.118.2.183.CrossRef

Rothbaum, F., & Weisz, J. R. (1994). Parental caregiving and child externalizing behavior in nonclinical samples: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 116(1), 55–74. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.55.CrossRefPubMed

Russell, J. D., Graham, R. A., Neill, E. L., & Weems, C. F. (2016). Agreement in youth–parent perceptions of parenting behaviors: A case for testing measurement invariance in reporter discrepancy research. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(10), 2094–2107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0495-1.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

*Scheid, C. R., Miller-Graff, L. E., & Guzmán, D. B. (2020). Parenting practices and intergenerational cycle of victimization in Peru. Development and Psychopathology, 33(4), 1197–1207. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420000425.

*Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (2000). Friendship as a moderating factor in the pathway between early harsh home environment and later victimization in the peer group. Developmental Psychology, 36(5), 646–662. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.36.5.646.

Saleh, A., Hapsah, H., Krisnawati, W., & Erfina, E. (2021). Parenting style and bullying behavior in adolescents. Enfermería Clínica, 31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2021.07.009.

Smetana, J. G. (2017). Current research on parenting styles, dimensions, and beliefs. Current Opinion in Psychology, 15, 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.012.CrossRefPubMed

Shapka, J. D., & Law, D. M. (2013). Does one size fit all? Ethnic differences in parenting behaviors and motivations for adolescent engagement in cyberbullying. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(5), 723–738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-9928-2.CrossRefPubMed

*Shi, C. L., Huang, D., Li, Q., & Wang, L. (2021). The relationship between parenting style and cyberbullying of junior middle school students: The mediating role of moral evasion. Advances in Psychology, 11(10), 2395–2402. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2021.1110273.

Simons, D. A., & Wurtele, S. K. (2010). Relationships between parents’ use of corporal punishment and their children’s endorsement of spanking and hitting other children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(9), 639–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.01.012.CrossRef

Skinner, A., Bacchini, D., Lansford, J., Godwin, J., Sorbring, E., Tapanya, S., Tirado, L., Zelli, A., Alampay, L., Al-Hassan, S., Bombi, A., Bornstein, M., Chang, L., Deater-Deckard, K., Giunta, L., Dodge, K., Malone, P., Miranda, M., Oburu, P., & Pastorelli, C. (2014). Neighborhood danger, parental monitoring, harsh parenting, and child aggression in nine countries. Societies, 4(1), 45–67. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc4010045.CrossRefPubMed

Solberg, M. E., & Olweus, D. (2003). Prevalence estimation of school bullying with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 29(3), 239–268.

Sroufe, L. A. (2005). Attachment and development: A prospective, Longitudinal Study from birth to adulthood. Attachment & Human Development, 7(4), 349–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730500365928.CrossRef

*Stavrinides, P., Nikiforou, M., & Georgiou, S. (2014). Do mothers know? Longitudinal associations between parental knowledge, bullying, and victimization. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 32(2), 180–196. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407514525889.

*Strohmeier, D., Gradinger, P., & Yanagida, T. (2021). The role of intrapersonal-, interpersonal-, family-, and school-level variables in predicting bias-based cyber victimization. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 42(9), 1175–1203. https://doi.org/10.1177/02724316211010335.

Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Goossens, L., Duriez, B., & Niemiec, C. P. (2008). The intervening role of relational aggression between psychological control and friendship quality. Social Development, 17, 661–681. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00454.x.CrossRef

Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2010). A theoretical upgrade of the concept of parental psychological control: Proposing new insights on the basis of self-determination theory. Developmental Review, 30(1), 74–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2009.11.001.CrossRef

*Song, K. L., Li, S., & Zhang, X. J. (2023). The influence of psychological neglect on cyberbullying: The moderating effect of self esteem. Psychologies Magazine, 4(18), 35–36. https://doi.org/10.19738/j.cnki.psy.2023.04.011.

Sterne, J. A. C., & Egger, M. (2001). Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 54(10), 1046–1055. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00377-8.CrossRefPubMed

Sun, L., Liang, L., & Bian, Y. (2017). Parental psychological control and peer victimization among Chinese adolescents: The effect of peer pressure as a mediator. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(12), 3278–3287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0834-1.CrossRef

^*Sun, X. H. (2020). The impact of parental control on cyberbullying among high school students: A chain mediation effect of moral disengagement and moral identity. Master’s thesis. China: Jilin University.

*Sun, Z., Ding, W., Chu, X., Xie, R., Li, J., Jiang, M., & Li, W. (2022). The relationship between perceived childhood harsh parental discipline and cyberbullying among college students: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Adult Development, 30(4), 321–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-022-09432-5.

Supple, A. J., & Cavanaugh, A. M. (2013). Tiger mothering and Hmong American parent–adolescent relationships. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 4(1), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031202.CrossRef

^*Thompson, J. (2015). General strain theory and bullying victimization: Do parental support and control alleviate the negative effects of bullying? Doctoral dissertation. USA: University of South Carolina.

Thompson, S. G., & Higgins, J. P. (2002). How should meta‐regression analyses be undertaken and interpreted? Statistics in Medicine, 21(11), 1559–1573. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1187.CrossRefPubMed

Vaillancourt, T., McDougall, P., Hymel, S., Krygsman, A., Miller, J., Stiver, K., & Davis, C. (2008). Bullying: Are researchers and children/youth talking about the same thing? International Journal of Behavioral Development, 32(6), 486–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025408095553.CrossRef

*Vazsonyi, A. T., Ksinan Jiskrova, G., Özdemir, Y., & Bell, M. M. (2017). Bullying and cyberbullying in Turkish adolescents: Direct and indirect effects of parenting processes. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 48(8), 1153–1171. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022116687853.

Verhoeven, M., Bögels, S. M., & van der Bruggen, C. C. (2011). Unique roles of mothering and fathering in child anxiety; moderation by child’s age and gender. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(2), 331–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-011-9483-y.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., Martell, B. N., Holland, K. M., & Westby, R. (2014). A systematic review and content analysis of bullying and cyber-bullying measurement strategies. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(4), 423–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.06.008.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

*Wang, X., Dong, W., & Qiao, J. (2021). How is childhood psychological maltreatment related to adolescents’ cyberbullying perpetration? The roles of moral disengagement and empathy. Current Psychology, 42(19), 16484–16494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02495-9.

*Wang, X. R., Xie, R., Ding, W., Song, S., Wu, W., Wang, X., & Li, W. (2023). Childhood abuse and adolescent school bullying:The mediating roles of perceived social support and loneliness. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32(10), 3120–3133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-022-02486-9.

*Wang, Z., & Jiang, S. (2022). Influence of parental neglect on cyberbullying perpetration: Moderated mediation model of smartphone addiction and self‐regulation. Health & Social Care in the Community, 30(6), 2372–2382. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13787.

Watkins, L. E., DiLillo, D., Hoffman, L., & Templin, J. (2015). Do self-control depletion and negative emotion contribute to intimate partner aggression? A lab-based study. Psychology of Violence, 5(1), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033955.CrossRef

*Wong, T. K., & Konishi, C. (2020). The interplay of perceived parenting practices and bullying victimization among Hong Kong adolescents. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 38(2), 668–689. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407520969907.

*Wright, M. F. (2016). The roles of bullying involvement and parental warmth in non-suicidal self-harm and suicidal ideation among adolescents from residential program. Journal of Criminal Psychology, 6(4), 202–213. https://doi.org/10.1108/jcp-04-2016-0014.

*Wright, M. F. (2017). Victimized children’s adjustment difficulties: The role of parenting styles and parents’ childhood peer victimization status. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 26(5), 493–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2017.1304475.

*Wright, M. (2018). Cyberbullying victimization through social networking sites and adjustment difficulties: The role of parental mediation. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 19, 113–123. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00486.

^*Wu, W., Ding, W., Xie, R., Tan, D., Wang, D., Sun, B., & Li, and W. (2021). Bidirectional longitudinal relationships between maternal psychological control and bullying/victimization among father-absent left-behind children in China. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(17–18). https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211022062.

*Wu, J. Y., Zhang, S. S., & Huo, A. Q. (2022). Effects of psychological maltreatment on cyberbullying among rural left-behind junior high school students: The mediating role of teacher-student relationship and the moderating role of depression. Psychologies Magazine, 10(17), 90–92. https://doi.org/10.19738/j.cnki.psy.2022.10.024.

*Wu, N., Mo, J., Wen, A., Ou, H., Gu, W., Qiu, Y., Yuan, L., & Lan, X. (2023). Longitudinal relationship between bullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents: The buffering roles of gratitude and parental autonomy support. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021440.

*Xiong, Y., Wang, H., Wang, Q., & Liu, X. (2019). Peer victimization, maternal control, and adjustment problems among left behind adolescents from father-migrant/mother caregiver families. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 12, 961–971. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s219249.

^*Xu, P. (2022). The Relationship among Parenting Style, Core Self-Evaluation and Victimization of Junior Middle School Students and Intervention Study. Master’s Thesis. China: Central China Normal University.

Xu, Y., Farver, J. A., Zhang, Z., Zeng, Q., Yu, L., & Cai, B. (2005). Mainland Chinese parenting styles and parent-child interaction. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(6), 524–531. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650250500147121.CrossRef

Yang, G. S., & McLoyd, V. C. (2015). Do parenting and family characteristics moderate the relation between peer victimization and antisocial behavior? A 5‐year longitudinal study. Social Development, 24(4), 748–765. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12118.

*Yoon, D., Shipe, S. L., Park, J., & Yoon, M. (2021). Bullying patterns and their associations with child maltreatment and adolescent psychosocial problems. Children and Youth Services Review, 129, 106178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106178.

*Yu, J., Cheah, C. S., Hart, C. H., Yang, C., & Olsen, J. A. (2019). Longitudinal effects of maternal love withdrawal and guilt induction on Chinese American preschoolers’ bullying aggressive behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 31(04), 1467–1475. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001049.

Yu, J. J., Kim, H., & Hay, I. (2013). Understanding adolescents’ problematic internet use from a social/cognitive and Addiction Research Framework. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2682–2689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.045.CrossRef

^*Zhang, Z. Q. (2019). The relations between cyberbullying, parenting style and personality traits among junior school students. Master’s thesis. China: Shanghai Normal University.

^*Zhang, Y., Chen, C., Teng, Z., & Guo, C. (2021). Parenting style and cyber-aggression in Chinese youth: The role of moral disengagement and moral identity. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621878.

^*Zhang, L. (2022). A study on the relationship between parenting styles, empathy, aggressive normative beliefs and campus bullying behavior of junior middle school students. Master’s thesis. China: Harbin Normal University.

^*Zhao, K., Tong, S., Hong, L., Yang, S., Yang, W., Xu, Y., Fan, Z., Zheng, J., Yao, K., & Zheng, T. (2023). Childhood trauma, peer victimization, and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents: A latent variable mediation analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04848-z.

*Zhou, H., Wang, Q., Yu, S., & Zheng, Q. (2022). Negative parenting style and perceived non-physical bullying at school: The mediating role of negative affect experiences and coping styles. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10), 6206. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106206.

Zhou, J., Huebner, E. S., & Tian, L. (2021). Perceived parental warmth, peer perpetration, and peer victimization: Unraveling within-child associations from between-child differences. Prevention Science, 23(2), 295–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-021-01325-5.CrossRefPubMed

*Zhou, Y., Xu, B. Y., Shi, J. M., & Lin, X. Y. (2023). Authoritarian parenting and school physical bullying: The mediating role of aggressive attitudes and the dual moderating effects of low self-control and teacher in difference. Journal of Psychological Science, 46(5), 1228–1236. https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20230525.

*Zyla, H. O., Peets, K., & Hodges, E. V. E. (2019). Parenting correlates of victimization depend on adolescents’ internalizing behavior. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 65, 101062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2019.101062.

Titel: The Associations Between Parenting and Bullying Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Auteurs: Xiaowei Chu
Zikang Chen
Publicatiedatum: 16-11-2024
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 4/2025
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-024-02108-1

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2025

Online Self-Presentation, Self-Concept Clarity, and Depressive Symptoms: A Within-Person Examination

Empirical Research

The Divergent and Bidirectional Relationships Between Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry and Prosocial Behaviors

Empirical Research

The Dominance of Liking: Uncovering Dyadic and Reputational Effects of Peer and Perceived Teacher Likes and Dislikes on Friendship Dynamics Among Chinese Adolescents

Open Access
Empirical Research

Appearance-Related Victimization and Pubertal Asynchrony: Identifying Sex-Specific Vulnerabilities

Empirical Research

When Push Comes to Shove: Unravelling the Developmental and Longitudinal Dynamic Relationship between Bullying and Empathy in Chinese School Children

Empirical Research

Psychopathological Symptoms and Resilience Processes among Korean Adolescents in the Context of Neighborhood Disadvantage

Empirical Research

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij Scalda & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

The Associations Between Parenting and Bullying Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2025

Online Self-Presentation, Self-Concept Clarity, and Depressive Symptoms: A Within-Person Examination

The Divergent and Bidirectional Relationships Between Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry and Prosocial Behaviors

The Dominance of Liking: Uncovering Dyadic and Reputational Effects of Peer and Perceived Teacher Likes and Dislikes on Friendship Dynamics Among Chinese Adolescents

Appearance-Related Victimization and Pubertal Asynchrony: Identifying Sex-Specific Vulnerabilities

When Push Comes to Shove: Unravelling the Developmental and Longitudinal Dynamic Relationship between Bullying and Empathy in Chinese School Children

Psychopathological Symptoms and Resilience Processes among Korean Adolescents in the Context of Neighborhood Disadvantage

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij Scalda & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Online Self-Presentation, Self-Concept Clarity, and Depressive Symptoms: A Within-Person Examination

The Divergent and Bidirectional Relationships Between Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry and Prosocial Behaviors

The Dominance of Liking: Uncovering Dyadic and Reputational Effects of Peer and Perceived Teacher Likes and Dislikes on Friendship Dynamics Among Chinese Adolescents

Appearance-Related Victimization and Pubertal Asynchrony: Identifying Sex-Specific Vulnerabilities

When Push Comes to Shove: Unravelling the Developmental and Longitudinal Dynamic Relationship between Bullying and Empathy in Chinese School Children

Psychopathological Symptoms and Resilience Processes among Korean Adolescents in the Context of Neighborhood Disadvantage