Peer victimization is a pervasive childhood experience with adverse associations with youth adjustment, including perpetration of physical (e.g., hitting) and relational (e.g., purposeful exclusion) aggression and internalizing symptoms (e.g., worry). We investigated the role of forms (i.e., physical and relational) of peer victimization in the development of preadolescents’ physical and relational aggression and internalizing symptoms. We also investigated whether effects varied by overprotective parenting (OP) and gender. Participants included a community sample of 236 eight- to twelve-year-old children (53.8% female; Mage = 10.14 years, SDage = 0.68 years) followed over 1 calendar year. We found that, for girls, peer victimization was positively associated with poor developmental outcomes in the context of higher OP. Among boys, OP appeared to reduce the impact of relational victimization in the development of internalizing problems. Findings contribute to a growing literature on the importance of parents’ response to victimization for later outcomes and suggest possible gender differences.