Behavioral problems in childhood and adolescence are typically categorized into internalizing and externalizing problems (Achenbach et al.,
1991). Internalizing problems include emotional disorders such as depression, anxiety, and social isolation, which are linked to deficits in social-cognitive skills and emotional intelligence (Achenbach et al.,
1991; Frick & Morris,
2004; Salavera et al.,
2019). Externalizing problems involve behaviors such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and aggression (Narusyte et al.,
2017). These behavioral problems often persist into adulthood, leading to significant consequences, including impaired educational achievement, reduced cognitive and emotional capacities, limited employment opportunities, and difficulties in social relationships. They may also increase the risk of substance use and violence (Hofstra et al.,
2001; Kessler et al.,
2005; Teekavanich & Tarugsa,
2017). Globally, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 10–20% of children and adolescents experience mental health problems, with externalizing problems such as socialization difficulties, hyperactivity, and aggression being particularly prevalent. In Thailand, ADHD and ODD are reported among 8.1% of children, with boys being disproportionately affected (Visanuyothin et al.,
2013). These figures raise questions about the interactions within the family context in shaping behavioral outcomes, highlighting the need for further investigation. …