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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Gepubliceerd in:

26-06-2024

Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychopathic Traits Among Justice-Involved Adolescents

Auteurs: Michaela M. Milillo, Craig S. Neumann, J. Michael Maurer, Christine Jin, Ella Commerce, Brooke L. Reynolds, Carla L. Harenski, Kent A. Kiehl

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 11/2024

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health problem and is highly prevalent among justice-involved populations. Pediatric TBI is linked with long-term negative outcomes and is correlated with substance use, criminal behavior, psychiatric disorders, and disruptions in neurocognition. These same TBI correlates are evident among youth with psychopathic traits. Given ongoing neurobiological and social development in adolescence, understanding the link between psychopathic traits and TBI in justice-involved youth is critical. A sample of 263 male adolescents were recruited from a maximum-security juvenile justice facility. Using a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework, measurement invariance of psychopathic traits (TBI ±) was tested, and psychopathy scores were accounted for in terms of TBI variables (severity, age of first TBI, total number), participant’s age, IQ, substance use, and internalizing psychopathology. There was evidence of strong invariance across TBI status and those with TBI had higher affective and impulsive lifestyle psychopathic traits than adolescents without TBI. The SEM indicated that TBI severity was associated with lower IQ scores, which in turn were associated with increased lifestyle/antisocial (Factor 2) psychopathic traits. Total number of TBIs was associated with higher substance use, which was associated with both increased interpersonal/affective (Factor 1) and Factor 2 psychopathic traits. These TBI variables also had indirect associations with psychopathic traits through IQ and substance use. The findings indicate that TBI is associated with psychopathic traits and suggest that disturbances in cognition and substance use may be treatment targets for youth with TBI and psychopathic traits.

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We also tested a model where all variables (TBI and TBI correlates) could freely predict the psychopathy domains (i.e., only direct effects and thus no indirect effects). As it turns out this model showed no difference in fit compared to the one presented in the results. Given our interest in seeing how aspects of TBI might be associated with disturbances in intelligence or substance use, and the potential theoretical value it may have in understanding the TBI-psychopathy link, we choose to only present results for the SEM described in this article.

Results available by request. Note that 2-way MANOVA for TBI severity x psychopathic trait status had comparable results.

There was essentially little meaningful variance for items 18 and 20, respectively, with 97% and 94% of participants receiving threshold ratings (i.e., “2”) and thus the MG-CFA only included items 10, 12, and 19.

We tested an alternative SEM whereby our study correlates of TBI were used as predictors of the TBI variables. This model resulted in poorer fit (CFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.07) than our SEM of interest, and accounted for less variance (~ 5–6%) in the TBI variables, compared to the variance accounted for in our primary SEM.

Consistent with a reciprocal effects approach, we hold that disturbances in IQ and substance use, as well as presence of psychopathic propensities, could lead to risk for TBI, and the converse whereby TBI plays a role in disruptions in IQ, substance use, and presence of psychopathic features. Nevertheless, irrespective of whether TBI proceeds or follows these correlates, it is reasonable to hold, based on longitudinal literature, that having a TBI results in disruptions in cognition and substance use, and potentially expression of psychopathic features.

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Titel: Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychopathic Traits Among Justice-Involved Adolescents
Auteurs: Michaela M. Milillo
Craig S. Neumann
J. Michael Maurer
Christine Jin
Ella Commerce
Brooke L. Reynolds
Carla L. Harenski
Kent A. Kiehl
Publicatiedatum: 26-06-2024
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 11/2024
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-024-01212-x

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Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychopathic Traits Among Justice-Involved Adolescents

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Andere artikelen Uitgave 11/2024

Correction to: Longitudinal Relations Between Childhood Maltreatment, Emotion Regulation Difficulties, and Suicidal Ideation and Non‑Suicidal Self‑Injury: An 18‑Month Investigation of Psychiatrically Hospitalized Adolescents

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Correction to: Longitudinal Relations Between Childhood Maltreatment, Emotion Regulation Difficulties, and Suicidal Ideation and Non‑Suicidal Self‑Injury: An 18‑Month Investigation of Psychiatrically Hospitalized Adolescents

Educator Knowledge of Childhood Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits

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