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Gepubliceerd in:
29-05-2024
Training Gains and Losses: Their Link with Treatment Effects of Attention Bias Modification for Anxiety
Auteurs: Yue Li, Hyein Cho, Jennifer L. de Rutte, Tracy A. Dennis-Tiwary
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 3/2024
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Abstract
The goal of attention bias modification (ABM) for anxiety is to systematically reduce the anxiety-related attention bias (AB) and ameliorate anxiety severity. Yet, few studies have examined patterns of learning processes over the course of ABM, and whether these patterns influence treatment effects. This study aimed to address this gap by first quantifying changes in training performance (training gains indicating improvements in training performance, and training losses indicating declines in training performance measured via increases in reaction times) over a four-week course of ABM and examining their associations with post-treatment anxiety severity. Eighty-one anxious adults were randomly assigned to either four weekly sessions of ABM or Placebo training (PT). Training gains and losses during each session were quantified as online (i.e., training changes that emerged within a training block or a training session) or offline changes (i.e., training changes that emerged between training sessions). ABM, versus PT, showed greater offline gains between training sessions. Offline gains between sessions were associated with reliable reductions in anxiety severity, but this association did not differ between the conditions. Implications for creating more targeted and personalized ABM protocols are discussed.
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1
While we conducted short, structured interviews at multiple study points to gauge participants’ involvement with other treatments such as psychotherapy, we did not use this as a control variable. Instead, this was used to assess and track the concurrent psychotherapeutic treatments and medication use to ensure that participants were stable on medication/therapy and did not start new treatment in the duration of the study.
2
Fifteen participants were excluded due to having clinical diagnoses such as past manic episode that included psychotic features, substance and/or alcohol dependence, or if they did not meet diagnosis for an anxiety disorder. Potential participants who are on medications were included only if (1) there were no changes in pharmacological treatments, and (2) they had a stable history of concurrent psychotherapy for a minimum of two months prior to study participation. One participant declined to continue to participate. After exclusion, 110 people agreed to participate. From these participants, 11 individuals withdrew voluntarily after the first visit and second training, three individuals withdrew voluntarily mid-intervention, and 10 individuals withdrew voluntarily at the three-month follow-up. Five more participants were excluded due to missing training data. For the purpose of the current study, we only included participants who completed all six visits and had data for all 16 training blocks.
3
The traditional AB Scores were reported to provide a comparison with prior literature using these scores. They were not included in the data analysis
4
To control for Type I error due to multiple comparisons, the Bonferroni correction was performed on analysis for online within-block changes. We divided the original p value (α) by the number of ANOVAs being performed, resulting in a corrected significance level of .0125 (i.e., .05/4).
5
To control for Type I error for multiple comparisons, the Bonferroni correction was performed on analysis for online block-level changes. We divided the original p value (α) by the number of ANOVAs being performed, resulting in a corrected significance level of .0125 (i.e., .05/4).
6
The Bonferroni correction was performed for the analyses for each type of training changes, respectively. Specifically, the corrected significance level is .0125 (i.e., .05/4) for online within-block changes, .0125 (i.e., .05/4) for online block-level changes, and .017 (i.e., .05/3) for offline block-level changes.
7
For online within-block changes, there was a significant Group x Trial Type interaction for Session 4, F(1, 79) = 3.99, p = .049, ηp2 = .05, such that the ABM group showed fewer losses in NT trials (M = -1.03, SD = 3.78) compared to NN trials (M = -2.67, SD = 4.41), t(79) = 1.98, p = .052, whereas this difference was not statistically significant for the PT group, t(79) = 0.82, p = .42. But this interaction effect did not survive the Bonferroni correction.
8
The Bonferroni correction was performed to control for Type I error. We divided the original p value (α) by the number of ANOVAs, which gave a new corrected significance level of .017 (i.e., .05/3).
9
The p values for the simple main effect analysis were adjusted with Bonferroni correction in SPSS.
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Metagegevens
- Titel
- Training Gains and Losses: Their Link with Treatment Effects of Attention Bias Modification for Anxiety
- Auteurs
-
Yue Li
Hyein Cho
Jennifer L. de Rutte
Tracy A. Dennis-Tiwary
- Publicatiedatum
- 29-05-2024
- Uitgeverij
- Springer US
- Gepubliceerd in
-
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
/ Uitgave 3/2024
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505 - DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-024-10143-2
