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Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review

Gepubliceerd in:

13-06-2024

What is Parental Monitoring?

Auteurs: William E. Pelham III, Sarah J. Racz, Isabella S. Davis, Isabel R. Aks, Herry Patel, Robert J. McMahon, Makayla A. Thornburg, Yun-Ting Wendy Huang, Emily M. Schulze, Oscar Gonzalez, Susan F. Tapert, Sandra A. Brown

Gepubliceerd in: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review | Uitgave 2/2024

Abstract

Parental monitoring is a construct of longstanding interest in multiple fields—but what is it? This paper makes two contributions to the ongoing debate. First, we review how the published literature has defined and operationalized parental monitoring. We show that the monitoring construct has often been defined in an indirect and nonspecific fashion and measured using instruments that vary widely in conceptual content. The result has been a disjointed empirical literature that cannot accurately be described as the unified study of a single construct nor is achieving a cumulative scientific character. Second, we offer a new formulation of the monitoring construct intended to remedy this situation. We define parental monitoring as the set of all behaviors performed by caregivers with the goal of acquiring information about the youth’s activities and life. We introduce a taxonomy identifying 5 distinct types of monitoring behaviors (Types 1–5), with each behavior varying along five dimensions (performer, target, frequency, context, style). We distinguish parental monitoring from 16 other parenting constructs it is often conflated with and position monitoring as one element within the broader parent-youth monitoring process: the continuous, dyadic interplay between caregivers and youth as they navigate caregivers attempts' to monitor youth. By offering an explicit and detailed conceptualization of monitoring, we aim to foster more rigorous and impactful research in this area.

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We focused on rating scales because nearly all published studies have measured parental monitoring using rating scales, typically completed by parents or youth. Only a handful of studies have measured monitoring instead via coder impressions of videotaped discussions between parents and youth about monitoring (e.g., Pelham & Dishion, 2018) or by comparing the simultaneous reports of parents and youth about the youths’ activities on a given day (e.g., Crouter et al., 1999).

We write that parental monitoring behaviors are performed with “the goal” of acquiring information for two reasons. First, an instance of the behavior may not be successful at acquiring information, yet it would still be a monitoring behavior. Second, some behaviors that are clearly not monitoring behaviors might incidentally lead to acquiring information. For example, the parent may eat dinner with the youth and incidentally learn something about the youth’s life during their conversation, eating dinner with the youth is itself alone not a monitoring behavior.

The “style” dimension of a monitoring behavior is not to be confused with parenting style more broadly. The former refers to the way a monitoring behavior is performed whereas the latter refers to a constellation of parent attitudes toward the youth (see Table 5).

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Titel: What is Parental Monitoring?
Auteurs: William E. Pelham III
Sarah J. Racz
Isabella S. Davis
Isabel R. Aks
Herry Patel
Robert J. McMahon
Makayla A. Thornburg
Yun-Ting Wendy Huang
Emily M. Schulze
Oscar Gonzalez
Susan F. Tapert
Sandra A. Brown
Publicatiedatum: 13-06-2024
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review / Uitgave 2/2024
Print ISSN: 1096-4037
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2827
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-024-00490-7

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What is Parental Monitoring?

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